HepcoMotion motor Germany HepcoMotion model HepcoMotion price

HepcoMotion motors are devices that convert electrical energy into mechanical energy. They utilize energized coils (i.e., stator windings) to generate a rotating magnetic field, which acts on the rotor (such as a squirrel-cage closed aluminum frame) to produce electromagnetic rotational torque. Motors are classified into DC motors and AC motors based on the power supply used. Most motors in power systems are AC motors, which can be synchronous or asynchronous (where the stator magnetic field speed does not remain synchronized with the rotor rotation speed). A motor mainly consists of a stator and a rotor. The direction of motion of current-carrying conductors under force in a magnetic field depends on the current direction and the direction of magnetic flux lines (magnetic field direction). The working principle of a motor is the force exerted by the magnetic field on the current, causing the motor to rotate.

HepcoMotion motor applications

Compared with traditional reactive types, the hybrid stepper motor structure includes permanent magnets on the rotor to provide the operating point for soft magnetic materials. The stator excitation only needs to provide a changing magnetic field without supplying the energy consumption for the magnetic material's operating point. Therefore, this motor has high efficiency, low current, and low heat generation. Due to the presence of permanent magnets, the motor has strong back EMF and good inherent damping, resulting in smooth operation, low noise, and low-frequency vibration. To some extent, the hybrid stepper motor can be regarded as a low-speed synchronous motor. A four-phase motor can operate in four-phase mode or two-phase mode (bipolar voltage drive is required), whereas reactive motors cannot do so. For example, four-phase, eight-step operation (A-AB-B-BC-C-CD-D-DA-A) can fully adopt a two-phase eight-beat operation mode. It is not difficult to find that the conditions are C=, D=. The internal winding of a two-phase motor is completely consistent with that of a four-phase motor. Low-power motors are generally directly connected as two-phase. For higher-power motors, to facilitate use and flexibly change the dynamic characteristics of the motor, the external wiring often consists of eight leads (four-phase). In this way, it can be used as a four-phase motor, or the two-phase motor windings can be used in series or parallel.

HepcoMotion motor braking methods

Regarding motor braking, users often confuse the functions of electromagnetic braking, regenerative braking, and dynamic braking, leading to the selection of incorrect components. A dynamic brake consists of a dynamic braking resistor. It shortens the mechanical feed distance of the servo motor through energy consumption braking during faults, emergency stops, or power outages. Regenerative braking refers to the process where the servo motor feeds the energy generated by braking back to the DC bus through the inverter circuit during deceleration or stopping, where it is absorbed by the RC circuit. Electromagnetic braking locks the motor shaft via a mechanical device. Differences among the three: (1) Regenerative braking only works when the servo drive is operating normally; it cannot brake the motor during faults, emergency stops, or power outages. Dynamic brakes and electromagnetic brakes do not require power to operate. (2) Regenerative braking is performed automatically by the system, whereas dynamic brakes and electromagnetic brakes require control by external relays. (3) Electromagnetic braking is generally activated after SV, OFF; otherwise, amplifier overload may occur. Dynamic braking is generally activated after SV, OFF, or main circuit power-off; otherwise, the dynamic braking resistor may overheat.

HepcoMotion motor performance

The circuit driven by transistors, resistors, and diodes achieves adjustable speed forward and reverse drive for DC motors. Four diodes protect the transistors against impacts from negative induced electromotive force generated by inductive components (motors). When the 74LS00 output is low, Q2 and Q4 are cut off, Q1 and Q3 conduct, and the output is high. When the 74LS00 output is high, Q2 and Q4 conduct, Q1 and Q3 are cut off, and the output is low. Power supply voltage 15—30v, maximum continuous output current 500mA/per motor, short-time (10 seconds) can reach 700mA. The maximum PWM frequency can be up to 30kHz (generally used 1—10kHz). High-current traces should be as short and thick as possible, and vias should be avoided. If vias are necessary, make them larger (>1mm) and create a ring of small vias on the pad, filling them with solder during welding; otherwise, they may burn out. Additionally, if zener diodes are used, the wires from the transistor emitter and collector to the power supply and ground should be as short and thick as possible. Otherwise, during high current, the voltage drop on these wires may pass through the diodes and conducting transistors, burning them out. PWM signals can be generated by timers. However, since 51 internally provides only two timers, repeatedly setting timers to output signals with different duty cycles to three or more DC motors is complex. We adopt a simpler method that not only provides different duty cycle input signals to more DC motors but also occupies only one timer resource. This method can be simply described as follows: Store the duty cycle information required by each DC motor in a specific memory space. If the duty cycle is 1, save 0FFH (11111111B); if the duty cycle is 0.5, save 0F0H (11110000B) or any binary number containing 4 0s and 4 1s. That is, Duty Cycle = Number of 1s / 8. The specific binary number selected depends on the output frequency requirements. To output a PWM signal to this DC motor, simply shift once per time slice to extract a fixed bit (implemented using bit addressing or carry flag C) and send it to the motor port. Additionally, the shift algorithm depends on previous results, so it is best to regularly check or reset the shifted number to prevent persistent errors due to shifting mistakes. The advantage of this algorithm is that it is an independent process capable of controlling multiple motors; the disadvantage is higher resource usage and lower PWM frequency.

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