JOHANNSEN motor Germany JOHANNSEN model JOHANNSEN price

JOHANNSEN motors are a new generation of gear reduction motors, featuring compact size, low noise, maintenance-free operation, and an attractive appearance. The speed ranges from 0.83r/min to 300r/min. This series of low-speed motors is a new high-tech product that integrates electromagnetic drive and reduction mechanism within the motor housing. The low speed and high torque can directly meet customer requirements without the need for additional reduction devices. The motor uses Class B and Class F insulation, with protection ratings of IP44 and IP55, and voltages of 220V and 380V.

JOHANNSEN motor operating principle

Motor principle: When single-phase sinusoidal current passes through the stator winding, the motor generates an alternating magnetic field. The strength and direction of this field change sinusoidally over time but remain fixed in spatial orientation; hence, it is also called an alternating pulsating magnetic field. This alternating pulsating magnetic field can be decomposed into two rotating magnetic fields with the same speed but opposite directions of rotation. When the rotor is stationary, these two rotating magnetic fields produce two torques of equal magnitude and opposite direction in the rotor, resulting in a net torque of zero, so the motor cannot rotate. When an external force causes the motor to rotate in a certain direction (e.g., clockwise), the relative motion of cutting magnetic lines between the rotor and the clockwise rotating magnetic field decreases, while the relative motion between the rotor and the counter-clockwise rotating magnetic field increases. This breaks the balance, and the total electromagnetic torque produced by the rotor is no longer zero, causing the rotor to rotate in the direction of the push. To enable a single-phase motor to start automatically, a starting winding can be added to the stator. The starting winding is spatially displaced by 90 degrees from the main winding, and a suitable capacitor is connected in series with the starting winding so that the current in it is approximately 90 degrees out of phase with the main winding current, known as the phase-splitting principle. Thus, two currents with a 90-degree phase difference in time are supplied to two windings with a 90-degree spatial displacement, generating a (two-phase) rotating magnetic field in space. Under the action of this rotating magnetic field, the rotor starts automatically. After starting, when the speed reaches a certain level, a centrifugal switch or other automatic control device installed on the rotor disconnects the starting winding, leaving only the main winding operational during normal operation. Therefore, the starting winding can be designed for short-time operation. However, in many cases, the starting winding is not disconnected; such motors are referred to as single-phase motors. To change the direction of rotation of this type of motor, simply swap the connections of the auxiliary winding terminals. Another method for generating a rotating magnetic field in single-phase motors is called the shaded-pole method, also known as single-phase shaded-pole motors. The stator of this type of motor is salient-pole, available in two-pole and four-pole configurations. Each pole has small slots cut into 1/3 to 1/4 of the full pole face, dividing the pole into two parts. A short-circuited copper ring is fitted over the smaller part, appearing to shade that portion of the pole, hence the name shaded-pole motor. The single-phase winding is mounted on the entire pole, with the coils of each pole connected in series. During connection, the polarity generated must be arranged sequentially as N, S, N, S. When the stator winding is energized, main magnetic flux is produced in the poles. According to Lenz's law, the main flux passing through the short-circuited copper ring induces a current in the ring that lags in phase by 90 degrees. The flux produced by this current also lags behind the main flux in phase, acting similarly to the starting winding of a capacitor motor, thereby generating a rotating magnetic field that causes the motor to rotate.

JOHANNSEN motor basic definition

A motor is what people commonly refer to today as a starter motor. It rotates the starter rotor by exerting force on a current-carrying coil in a magnetic field. The small gear on the rotor drives the engine flywheel to rotate, thereby turning the crankshaft to start the vehicle. Two innovative components, the new low-cost spark plug with a ceramic core base and the starter, laid the technical foundation for automotive development. The electric starter eliminated the heavy and dangerous hand crank, making driving safer, easier, and more convenient, which was particularly favored by a broad new consumer base, including women. At the time, Henry Leland, manager of the Cadillac division of General Motors, immediately recognized the potential of this technological achievement and quickly adopted it as standard equipment on the company's 1912 version Cadillac models. This Cadillac consequently became known as the "car without a crank." The introduction of the electric starter is still regarded as one of the most influential automotive innovations of the twentieth century.

JOHANNSEN motor applications

Static terminology for motors: Number of phases: The number of pairs of excitation coils that generate different pairs of N and S magnetic fields. Commonly denoted by m. Step count (beats): The number of pulses or conductive states required to complete one periodic change of the magnetic field, denoted by n, or refers to the number of pulses required for the motor to rotate through one tooth pitch angle. Taking a four-phase motor as an example, the four-phase four-beat operation mode is AB-BC-CD-DA-AB, and the four-phase eight-beat operation mode is A-AB-B-BC-C-CD-D-DA-A. Step angle: The angular displacement of the motor rotor corresponding to one pulse signal, denoted by θ. θ = 360 degrees / (rotor teeth J * operating beats). Taking a conventional two-phase or four-phase motor with 50 rotor teeth as an example: In four-beat operation, the step angle is θ = 360 degrees / (50 * 4) = 1.8 degrees (commonly known as full step). In eight-beat operation, the step angle is θ = 360 degrees / (50 * 8) = 0.9 degrees (commonly known as half step). Detent torque: The locking torque of the motor rotor itself when the motor is not energized (caused by harmonics of the magnetic field tooth shape and mechanical errors). Static torque: The locking torque of the motor shaft when the motor is not rotating under rated static excitation. This torque is a standard for measuring motor volume (geometric dimensions) and is independent of drive voltage and power supply. Although static torque is proportional to the electromagnetic excitation ampere-turns and related to the air gap between the stator and rotor teeth, excessively reducing the air gap or increasing excitation ampere-turns to increase static torque is not advisable, as this will cause motor heating and mechanical noise.

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