Dietz motor Germany Dietz model Dietz price

Dietz motors are rotating machines containing a brush assembly that convert DC electrical energy into mechanical energy (DC motor) or mechanical energy into DC electrical energy (DC generator). Distinct from brushless DC motors, the brush assembly is used to introduce or extract DC voltage and DC current. DC brushed motors are the foundation of all motors; they feature fast starting, timely braking, smooth speed regulation over a wide range, and relatively simple control circuits.

Dietz motor braking methods

The motor is an AC motor with brushes and a commutator; some series-wound motors can be powered by either AC or DC, and are called AC/DC universal motors. They are named for their field windings and armature windings connected in series. The structure of a single-phase series-wound motor is very similar to that of a DC series-wound motor; the main difference is that the stator core of a single-phase series-wound motor must be laminated from silicon steel sheets, whereas DC poles can be either laminated or made as a solid structure. The principle by which a single-phase AC series-wound motor generates rotating torque is similar to that of a DC series-wound motor and can be explained using the operating principles of DC motors. The stator winding and armature winding of a single-phase series-wound motor are connected in series. The direction of rotation of a series-wound motor depends on the direction of electromagnetic torque and current direction. Therefore, when operating on an AC power supply, as the power alternates, the polarity of the stator magnetic field and the rotor current (or the magnetic field it produces) change direction simultaneously. According to the left-hand rule, the direction of the electromagnetic force does not change, so the series-wound motor maintains a constant direction of rotation. When powered with forward polarity, the electromagnetic torque direction is counter-clockwise; if the positive and negative poles of the power supply are swapped, both the excitation flux and the armature current direction change simultaneously, but the electromagnetic torque direction remains counter-clockwise. Thus, the motor's direction of rotation does not change; that is, the electromagnetic torque and rotation direction of a single-phase AC series-wound motor do not vary with changes in power supply polarity.

Dietz motor operating principle

The simplified structural diagram of the relay in the motor consists of an electromagnet mechanism and a contact assembly. The coil is connected to the ignition switch terminal on the housing and the ground terminal "E", respectively. The fixed contact is connected to the starter motor terminal "S", and the moving contact is connected to the battery terminal "BAT" via the contact arm and bracket. The starter relay contacts are normally open. When the coil is energized, the relay core generates electromagnetic force, closing the contacts and thereby connecting the pull-in coil and hold-in coil circuits controlled by the relay. The control circuit includes the starter relay control circuit and the starter motor solenoid switch control circuit. The starter relay control circuit is controlled by the ignition switch, with the relay coil circuit as the controlled object. When the ignition switch is turned to the start position, current flows from the positive terminal of the battery through the starter power terminal to the ammeter, then from the ammeter through the ignition switch and relay coil back to the negative terminal of the battery. Consequently, the relay core generates strong electromagnetic attraction, closing the relay contacts and connecting the control circuit of the starter motor solenoid switch. Battery positive → Starter power terminal → Solenoid switch → Field winding → Armature winding → Ground → Battery negative. Thus, the starter motor generates electromagnetic torque to start the engine.

Dietz motor operating principle

When three-phase current is supplied to the three-phase symmetrical windings of the permanent magnet synchronous motor stator, the magnetomotive forces generated by the currents synthesize into a rotating magnetomotive force with constant amplitude. Since its amplitude remains constant, the trajectory of this rotating magnetomotive force forms a circle, known as circular rotating magnetomotive force. Its magnitude is exactly 1.5 times the maximum amplitude of the single-phase magnetomotive force, where F represents the circular rotating magnetomotive force, (T・m); Fφl is the maximum amplitude of the single-phase magnetomotive force, (T・m); k is the fundamental winding factor; p is the number of pole pairs of the motor; N is the number of series turns per coil; I is the RMS value of the current flowing through the coil. Since the speed of the permanent magnet synchronous motor is always synchronous speed, the rotor main magnetic field and the rotating magnetic field produced by the stator's circular rotating magnetomotive force remain relatively stationary. The interaction between these two fields forms a resultant magnetic field in the air gap between the stator and rotor. This resultant field interacts with the rotor main magnetic field, producing an electromagnetic torque Te that drives or impedes motor rotation, where Te is the electromagnetic torque, (N・m); is the power angle, rad; BR is the rotor main magnetic field, T; Bnet is the resultant air-gap magnetic field, T. Depending on the positional relationship between the resultant air-gap magnetic field and the rotor main magnetic field, the permanent magnet synchronous motor can operate in either motor mode or generator mode. The three operating states of the permanent magnet synchronous motor are shown in Figure 3. When the resultant air-gap magnetic field lags behind the rotor main magnetic field, the generated electromagnetic torque opposes the rotor's direction of rotation, placing the motor in generator state. Conversely, when the resultant air-gap magnetic field leads the rotor main magnetic field, the generated electromagnetic torque aligns with the rotor's direction of rotation, placing the motor in motor state. The angle between the rotor main magnetic field and the resultant air-gap magnetic field is called the power angle. The permanent magnet synchronous motor consists of two key components: a multi-pole permanent magnet rotor and a stator with appropriately designed windings. During operation, the rotating multi-pole permanent magnet rotor creates a time-varying magnetic flux in the air gap between the rotor and stator. This flux induces an AC voltage at the terminals of the stator windings, forming the basis for power generation. The permanent magnet synchronous motor discussed here uses a ring-shaped permanent magnet mounted on a ferromagnetic core. Internal permanent magnet synchronous motors are not considered here. Because embedding magnets into a plated ferromagnetic core is very difficult, by using magnets of appropriate thickness (500μm) and high-performance magnetic materials for the rotor and stator cores, the air gap can be made very large (300~500μm) without significant performance loss. This allows the stator windings to occupy a certain space in the air gap, greatly simplifying the manufacturing of permanent magnet synchronous motors.

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