DESCH motor Germany DESCH model DESCH price

DESCH motor is a rotating motor containing a brush assembly that converts DC electrical energy into mechanical energy (DC motor) or converts mechanical energy into DC electrical energy (DC generator). Distinct from brushless DC motors, the brush assembly is used to introduce or extract DC voltage and DC current. Brushed DC motors are the foundation of all motors; they feature fast starting, timely braking, smooth speed regulation over a wide range, and relatively simple control circuits.

DESCH motor structure

The motor armature core is the main part of the main magnetic circuit and is also used to house the armature winding. Generally, the armature core is made by stacking laminations punched from silicon steel sheets with a thickness of 0.5mm, to reduce eddy current losses and hysteresis losses generated in the armature core during motor operation. The stacked core is fixed to the shaft or rotor bracket. The outer circumference of the core has armature slots, inside which the armature winding is embedded. The function of the armature winding is to generate electromagnetic torque and induced electromotive force; it is the key component for energy conversion in DC motors, hence the name armature. It consists of many coils (hereinafter referred to as elements) connected according to a specific pattern. The coils are wound using high-strength enamel-coated wire or glass-fiber-insulated flat copper wire. The coil sides of different coils are embedded in the armature slots in two layers, upper and lower. Proper insulation must be maintained between the coils and the core, as well as between the upper and lower layers of coil sides. To prevent centrifugal force from throwing the coil sides out of the slots, the slot openings are secured with slot wedges. The end connections of the coils extending outside the slots are bound with thermosetting non-woven glass tape. In DC motors, the commutator, paired with brushes, converts the external DC power supply into alternating current in the armature coils, keeping the direction of the electromagnetic torque constant. In DC generators, the commutator, paired with brushes, converts the alternating electromotive force induced in the armature coils into DC electromotive force extracted at the positive and negative brushes. The commutator is a cylinder composed of many commutator segments, insulated from each other by mica sheets. The shaft supports the rotation of the rotor and requires sufficient mechanical strength and rigidity; it is generally machined from round steel.

DESCH motor structure

A single-phase motor is an electric motor that requires only a single-phase AC power supply. A single-phase asynchronous motor consists of a stator, rotor, bearings, housing, end covers, etc. The stator consists of a frame and a core with windings. The core is made by punching and stacking silicon steel sheets. Inside the slots, two sets of main windings (also called running windings) and auxiliary windings (also called starting windings or secondary windings) are embedded, spatially separated by 90° electrical degrees. The main winding is connected to the AC power supply. The auxiliary winding is connected in series with a centrifugal switch S or starting capacitor, running capacitor, etc., before being connected to the power supply. The rotor is a squirrel-cage cast-aluminum rotor. It is formed by casting aluminum into the slots of the stacked core and casting end rings together, short-circuiting the rotor bars to form a squirrel-cage structure. Single-phase asynchronous motors are further classified into single-phase resistance-start asynchronous motors, single-phase capacitor-start asynchronous motors, single-phase capacitor-run asynchronous motors, and single-phase dual-value capacitor asynchronous motors.

DESCH motor structure

The motor mainly consists of the stator, rotor, and end covers. The stator is made of stacked laminations to reduce iron losses during motor operation and contains three-phase AC windings, referred to as the armature. The rotor can be made in solid form or from pressed laminations, on which permanent magnet materials are mounted. Depending on the position of the permanent magnet material on the motor rotor, permanent magnet synchronous motors can be divided into two structural forms: surface-mounted and interior-mounted. Figure 1 shows the corresponding schematic diagrams. The surface-mounted rotor has a simple magnetic circuit structure and low manufacturing cost, but since starting windings cannot be installed on its surface, asynchronous starting is not possible. The magnetic circuit structures of interior-mounted rotors mainly include radial, tangential, and hybrid types, totaling 3 kinds. The main difference between them lies in the relationship between the magnetization direction of the permanent magnets and the rotor rotation direction. Figure 2 shows the magnetic circuit structures of 3 different forms of interior-mounted rotors. Since the permanent magnets are placed inside the rotor, the rotor surface can be shaped into pole shoes. Inserting copper bars or cast aluminum into the pole shoes provides starting and damping functions, resulting in good steady-state and dynamic performance. Additionally, due to the asymmetry of the interior-mounted rotor magnetic circuit, reluctance torque is generated during operation, which helps improve the motor's power density and overload capacity. Moreover, this structure makes it easier to achieve field-weakening speed expansion.

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