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Buhler motor is a device that places the rotor in a rotating magnetic field, where it obtains a torque under the action of the rotating magnetic field, causing the rotor to rotate. The rotor is a rotatable conductor, usually in the shape of a squirrel cage. It was invented by electrical engineer Nikola Tesla in 1887. The rotor is a rotatable conductor, usually in the shape of a squirrel cage. The stator is the non-rotating part of the motor, and its main task is to generate a rotating magnetic field. The rotating magnetic field is not achieved by mechanical means. Instead, alternating current is passed through several pairs of electromagnets, causing their magnetic pole properties to change cyclically, thus equivalent to a rotating magnetic field. This type of motor does not have brushes or slip rings like DC motors. Depending on the type of AC power used, there are single-phase motors and three-phase motors. Single-phase motors are used in applications such as washing machines and electric fans; three-phase motors are used as power equipment in factories.

Buhler motor working principle

Motor working principle: A servo system (servo mechanism) is an automatic control system that enables output controlled variables such as position, orientation, and state of an object to follow any change in the input target (or set value). Servo positioning mainly relies on pulses. Basically, it can be understood that when the servo motor receives 1 pulse, it rotates by the angle corresponding to 1 pulse, thereby achieving displacement. Because the servo motor itself has the function of emitting pulses, every time the servo motor rotates by an angle, it emits a corresponding number of pulses. This forms a response, or closed loop, with the pulses received by the servo motor. In this way, the system knows how many pulses were sent to the servo motor and how many pulses were received back, allowing for precise control of the motor's rotation and thus achieving precise positioning, which can reach 0.001mm. DC servo motors are divided into brushed and brushless motors. Brushed motors have low cost, simple structure, high starting torque, wide speed regulation range, and easy control. They require maintenance, but maintenance is inconvenient (changing carbon brushes), they generate electromagnetic interference, and have environmental requirements. Therefore, they can be used in ordinary industrial and civil applications sensitive to cost. Brushless motors are small in size, light in weight, have high output, fast response, high speed, low inertia, smooth rotation, and stable torque. Control is complex, but intelligence is easily achieved. Their electronic commutation method is flexible, allowing for square wave commutation or sine wave commutation. The motors are maintenance-free, have high efficiency, low operating temperature, very low electromagnetic radiation, long life, and can be used in various environments. AC servo motors are also brushless motors, divided into synchronous and asynchronous motors. Synchronous motors are generally used in motion control. They have a wide power range and can achieve very high power. They have high inertia, low maximum rotational speed, which decreases rapidly as power increases. Therefore, they are suitable for applications requiring smooth low-speed operation. The rotor inside the servo motor is a permanent magnet. The driver-controlled U/V/W three-phase electricity forms an electromagnetic field. The rotor rotates under the action of this magnetic field. At the same time, the encoder built into the motor feeds back signals to the driver. The driver compares the feedback value with the target value and adjusts the rotation angle of the rotor. The precision of the servo motor is determined by the precision of the encoder (line count). Functional differences between AC servo motors and brushless DC servo motors: AC servo is better because it uses sine wave control, resulting in small torque ripple. DC servo uses trapezoidal waves. However, DC servo is simpler and cheaper.

Buhler motor structure

The motor rotor consists of the rotor core, rotor winding, and shaft. The rotor core is also part of the motor's magnetic circuit and is made of stacked silicon steel sheets. Unlike the stator core laminations, the rotor core laminations have slots cut on the outer circumference. After stacking, the outer cylindrical surface of the rotor core uniformly forms many slots of the same shape to hold the rotor winding. The rotor winding is another part of the induction motor circuit. Its function is to cut the stator magnetic field, generate induced electromotive force and current, and be subjected to force under the action of the magnetic field to cause the rotor to rotate. Its structure can be divided into two types: squirrel-cage winding and wound rotor winding. The main characteristics of these two rotors are: squirrel-cage rotors have a simple structure, are convenient to manufacture, economical and durable; wound rotors have a complex structure and are expensive, but external resistance can be introduced into the rotor circuit to improve starting and speed regulation performance. The squirrel-cage rotor winding consists of conductive bars placed in the rotor slots and end rings at both ends. To save steel and increase productivity, the conductive bars and end rings of low-power induction motors are generally cast in one piece from molten aluminum. For high-power motors, since the quality of cast aluminum is difficult to guarantee, copper bars are often inserted into the rotor core slots, and end rings are welded on both ends. The squirrel-cage rotor winding is self-closed and does not need to be powered by an external source. Its shape resembles a cage, hence the name squirrel-cage rotor.

Buhler motor structure

The motor armature core is the main part of the main magnetic circuit and is also used to embed the armature winding. Generally, the armature core is made by stacking laminations punched from silicon steel sheets with a thickness of 0.5mm, to reduce eddy current loss and hysteresis loss generated in the armature core during motor operation. The stacked core is fixed on the shaft or rotor bracket. Armature slots are opened on the outer circumference of the core, and the armature winding is embedded in the slots. The function of the armature winding is to generate electromagnetic torque and induced electromotive force. It is the key component for energy conversion in DC motors, hence called the armature. It is composed of many coils (hereinafter referred to as elements) connected according to a certain rule. The coils are wound using high-strength enamel-covered wire or glass-fiber-covered flat copper wire. The coil sides of different coils are embedded in the armature slots in upper and lower layers. Proper insulation must be provided between the coils and the core, as well as between the upper and lower layers of coil sides. To prevent centrifugal force from throwing the coil sides out of the slots, the slot openings are secured with slot wedges. The end connections of the coils extending out of the slots are bound with thermosetting non-woven glass tape. In DC motors, the commutator paired with brushes converts the external DC power supply into alternating current in the armature coils, keeping the direction of electromagnetic torque constant. In DC generators, the commutator paired with brushes converts the alternating electromotive force induced in the armature coils into direct electromotive force drawn from the positive and negative brushes. The commutator is a cylinder composed of many commutator segments, insulated from each other by mica sheets. The shaft serves to support the rotation of the rotor and requires certain mechanical strength and rigidity. It is generally processed from round steel.

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