FENNER motor Germany FENNER model FENNER price

FENNER motors consist of the motor body and the driver, representing a typical mechatronic product. Brushless motors refer to motors without brushes and commutators (or slip rings), also known as commutator-less motors. As early as the nineteenth century, when motors were first invented, the practical motors produced were of the brushless type, namely AC squirrel-cage asynchronous motors, which were widely used. However, asynchronous motors have many insurmountable drawbacks, resulting in slow development of motor technology. Transistors emerged in the mid-twentieth century, leading to the emergence of DC brushless motors that use transistor commutation circuits to replace brushes and commutators. This new type of brushless motor is called an electronically commutated DC motor, which overcomes the drawbacks of the first generation of brushless motors.

FENNER motor applications

The motor rotor has many small teeth evenly distributed. The stator teeth have three excitation windings, whose geometric axes are sequentially offset from the rotor tooth axes. 0, 1/3 te, 2/3 te, (the distance between the axes of two adjacent rotor teeth is the tooth pitch, denoted by te), i.e., A is aligned with tooth 1, B is offset to the right from tooth 2 by 1/3 te, C is offset to the right from tooth 3 by 2/3 te, A' is aligned with tooth 5. Rotation: If phase A is energized while phases B and C are de-energized, due to the magnetic field effect, tooth 1 aligns with A (the rotor is not subjected to any force; the same applies below). If phase B is energized while phases A and C are de-energized, tooth 2 should align with B. At this point, the rotor moves to the right by 1/3 te. Tooth 3 is offset from C by 1/3 te, and tooth 4 is offset from A by (te - 1/3 te) = 2/3 te. If phase C is energized while phases A and B are de-energized, tooth 3 should align with C. At this point, the rotor moves further to the right by 1/3 te. Tooth 4 is offset from A by 1/3 te. If phase A is energized while phases B and C are de-energized, tooth 4 aligns with A, and the rotor moves further to the right by 1/3 te. Thus, after the sequential energization states of A, B, C, and A, tooth 4 (i.e., the tooth preceding tooth 1) moves to phase A, and the motor rotor rotates one tooth pitch to the right. If energization continues in the sequence A, B, C, A..., the motor rotates to the right by 1/3 te per step (per pulse). If energized in the sequence A, C, B, A..., the motor reverses. It can be seen that the motor's position and speed have a one-to-one correspondence with the number of conduction cycles (pulse count) and frequency. The direction is determined by the conduction sequence. However, considering torque, smoothness, noise, and angle reduction, the conduction state A-AB-B-BC – C-CA-A is often adopted. This changes the original step size from 1/3 te to 1/6 te. Even by combining two-phase currents differently, 1/3 te can be changed to 1/12 te or 1/24 te. This is the basic theoretical basis for microstepping drive. It is not difficult to deduce that the motor stator has m phase excitation windings, whose axes are offset from the rotor tooth axes by 1/m, 2/m... (m-1)/m, 1. Furthermore, if conduction follows a specific phase sequence, the motor can be controlled to rotate forward or reverse—this is the physical condition for rotation. As long as this condition is met, we can theoretically manufacture stepper motors with any number of phases. Due to cost and other considerations, two-, three-, four-, and five-phase motors are most common in the market. Torque: Once the motor is energized, a magnetic field (magnetic flux Ф) is generated between the stator and rotor. When the rotor and stator are offset by a certain angle, a force F is produced, proportional to (dФ/dθ). S Its magnetic flux Ф=Br*S. Br is the magnetic flux density, and S is the magnetic conduction area. F is proportional to L*D*Br. L is the effective length of the iron core, and D is the rotor diameter. Br=N·I/R. N·I is the ampere-turns of the excitation winding (current multiplied by turns), and R is the magnetic reluctance. Torque = Force * Radius. Torque is proportional to the motor's effective volume * ampere-turns * magnetic flux density (considering only the linear state). Therefore, the larger the motor's effective volume, the greater the excitation ampere-turns, and the smaller the air gap between stator and rotor, the greater the motor torque, and vice versa.

FENNER motor working principle

Motor principle: When a single-phase sinusoidal current passes through the stator winding, the motor generates an alternating magnetic field. The strength and direction of this field change sinusoidally with time, but its spatial orientation is fixed, so it is also called an alternating pulsating magnetic field. This alternating pulsating magnetic field can be decomposed into two rotating magnetic fields with the same speed but opposite directions of rotation. When the rotor is stationary, these two rotating fields produce two equal and opposite torques in the rotor, resulting in zero net torque, so the motor cannot rotate. When we apply external force to rotate the motor in a certain direction (e.g., clockwise), the relative motion cutting magnetic lines between the rotor and the clockwise rotating field decreases, while the relative motion between the rotor and the counter-clockwise rotating field increases. This breaks the balance, and the total electromagnetic torque produced by the rotor is no longer zero, causing the rotor to rotate in the pushing direction. To enable a single-phase motor to start automatically, we can add a starting winding to the stator. The starting winding is spatially offset from the main winding by 90 degrees. A suitable capacitor is connected in series with the starting winding so that its current is approximately 90 degrees out of phase with the main winding current, known as the phase-splitting principle. Thus, two currents with a 90 degree time phase difference are fed into two windings with a 90 degree spatial phase difference, generating a (two-phase) rotating magnetic field in space. Under the action of this rotating field, the rotor starts automatically. After starting, when the speed reaches a certain level, a centrifugal switch or other automatic control device installed on the rotor disconnects the starting winding. During normal operation, only the main winding works. Therefore, the starting winding can be designed for short-time operation. However, in many cases, the starting winding is not disconnected; we call this type of motor a single-phase motor. To change the rotation direction of this motor, simply swap the terminals of the auxiliary winding. Another method to generate a rotating magnetic field in single-phase motors is called the shaded-pole method, also known as a single-phase shaded-pole motor. The stator of this motor is made with salient poles, available in two-pole and four-pole types. Each pole has small slots cut into 1/3 to 1/4 of the full pole face, dividing the pole into two parts. A short-circuited copper ring is fitted over the smaller part, as if shading that part of the pole, hence the name shaded-pole motor. The single-phase winding is wound over the entire pole, and the coils of each pole are connected in series. During connection, the polarity produced must be arranged sequentially as N, S, N, S. When the stator winding is energized, main magnetic flux is generated in the poles. According to Lenz's law, the main flux passing through the short-circuited copper ring induces a current in the ring that lags in phase by 90 degrees. The flux generated by this current also lags behind the main flux in phase. Its effect is equivalent to the starting winding of a capacitor motor, thereby generating a rotating magnetic field that causes the motor to rotate.

FENNER motor maintenance methods

Motor maintenance and repair center motor maintenance process: Clean stator and rotor → Replace carbon brushes or other components → Vacuum F grade pressure impregnation → Drying → Dynamic balancing correction. 1. The operating environment should be kept dry frequently. The motor surface should be kept clean, and the air inlet should not be obstructed by dust, fibers, etc. 2. When the motor's thermal protection operates continuously, determine whether the fault originates from the motor, overload, or if the protection device setting value is too low. The motor can only be put into operation after eliminating the fault. 3. Ensure good lubrication of the motor during operation. Generally, after about 5000 hours of operation, lubricating grease should be replenished or replaced. If bearing overheating or grease deterioration is found during operation, replace the lubricating grease promptly. When replacing lubricating grease, remove the old lubricant and clean the bearing and bearing cap oil grooves with gasoline. Then fill the cavity between the inner and outer rings of the bearing with ZL-3 lithium-based grease to 1/2 (for 2 poles) and 2/3 (for 4, 6, 8 poles). 4. When the bearing life ends, the vibration and noise of the motor operation will increase significantly. Check the radial clearance of the bearing; if it reaches the following values, the bearing should be replaced. 5. When disassembling the motor, the rotor can be removed from either the shaft extension end or the non-extension end. If it is not necessary to remove the fan, it is more convenient to remove the rotor from the non-shaft extension end. When pulling the rotor out of the stator, prevent damage to the stator winding or insulation. 6. When replacing windings, record the original winding form, dimensions, number of turns, wire gauge, etc. If this data is lost, request it from the manufacturer. Arbitrarily changing the original design winding often deteriorates one or more performance characteristics of the motor, or even renders it unusable.

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