CEG Electric Motors motors, German CEG Electric Motors models, CEG Electric Motors prices

CEG Electric Motors motors are rotating machines containing a brush assembly that convert DC electrical energy into mechanical energy (DC motors) or convert mechanical energy into DC electrical energy (DC generators). Unlike brushless DC motors, the brush assembly is used to introduce or extract DC voltage and DC current. Brushed DC motors are the foundation of all motors; they feature fast starting, timely braking, smooth speed regulation over a wide range, and relatively simple control circuits.

CEG Electric Motors motor operating principle

The simplified structure of the relay in the motor consists of an electromagnet mechanism and a contact assembly. The coil is connected to the ignition switch terminal on the housing and the ground terminal "E", respectively. The fixed contact is connected to the starter motor terminal "S", and the moving contact is connected to the battery terminal "BAT" via the contact arm and bracket. The starter relay contacts are normally open. When the coil is energized, the relay core generates electromagnetic force, closing the contacts and thereby connecting the pull-in coil and hold-on coil circuits controlled by the relay. The control circuit includes the starter relay control circuit and the starter motor solenoid switch control circuit. The starter relay control circuit is controlled by the ignition switch, with the relay coil circuit as the controlled object. When the ignition switch is turned to the start position, current flows from the positive terminal of the battery through the starter motor power terminal to the ammeter, then from the ammeter through the ignition switch and the relay coil back to the negative terminal of the battery. Consequently, the relay core generates strong electromagnetic attraction, closing the relay contacts and connecting the control circuit of the starter motor solenoid switch. Battery positive terminal → Starter motor power terminal → Solenoid switch → Field winding → Armature winding → Ground → Battery negative terminal, causing the starter motor to generate electromagnetic torque and start the engine.

CEG Electric Motors motor operating principle

When the stator winding of the motor is connected to the power supply, it generates a rotating magnetic field. Since the magnetic reluctance of the rotor's direct axis magnetic path is less than that of the quadrature axis magnetic path, and magnetic flux lines always close through the path of least reluctance, the stator magnetic field always attempts to align the rotor's direct axis with the direction of the stator magnetic field. When both the rotor and the stator magnetic field rotate at synchronous speed n1, if there is no load on the shaft, the rotor's direct axis remains aligned with the stator magnetic field axis. If there is a load on the shaft, the load's resisting torque causes the rotor's direct axis to lag behind the stator magnetic field axis by an angle θ. At this point, the magnetic field is distorted, and the flux lines are stretched. The stretched flux lines attempt to shorten, generating a synchronous electromagnetic torque in the same direction as the rotor's rotation. If the synchronous electromagnetic torque can balance the load torque, the rotor will continue to rotate at synchronous speed; otherwise, the motor will lose synchronism. To increase the synchronous electromagnetic torque and power factor, the difference between the direct-axis and quadrature-axis magnetic reluctances should be increased, i.e., increase the ratio Xd/Xq of the direct-axis synchronous reactance Xd to the quadrature-axis synchronous reactance Xq. For this purpose, the rotor can have a salient-pole structure, or a non-salient pole structure with reaction slots cut into the rotor (usually filled with non-magnetic metal) to create unequal magnetic reluctances for the quadrature and direct axes, or a combination of both structures. However, Xd/Xq should not be too large, as excessive values make motor starting more difficult. The synchronous electromagnetic torque of a reluctance motor cannot start the motor, so a squirrel-cage winding must be installed on the rotor. Asynchronous electromagnetic torque is used to start the rotor, and when the speed approaches synchronous speed, the synchronous electromagnetic torque pulls the rotor into synchronism.

CEG Electric Motors motor control principle

Regarding the motor control principle, the control unit must first determine the sequence for turning on the power transistors in the inverter based on the rotor position detected by the hall-sensor sensor and the stator winding configuration. This involves the AH, BH, CH (known as upper-arm power transistors) and AL, BL, CL (known as lower-arm power transistors) in the inverter, causing current to flow sequentially through the motor coils to generate a forward (or reverse) rotating magnetic field. This interacts with the rotor magnets, enabling clockwise or counter-clockwise rotation. When the motor rotor rotates to a position where the hall-sensor detects another set of signals, the control unit turns on the next group of power transistors. This cycle allows the motor to continue rotating in the same direction until the control unit decides to stop the rotor by turning off the power transistors; to reverse the rotor, the power transistor switching sequence is reversed. Basically, the power transistor switching method can be exemplified as follows: AH and BL pair → AH and CL pair → BH and CL pair → BH and AL pair → CH and AL pair → CH and BL pair. However, AH and AL, or BH and BL, or CH and CL must never be turned on simultaneously.

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