Bockwoldt motor Germany Bockwoldt model Bockwoldt price

Bockwoldt motors are a type of electric motor powered by simultaneously connecting to 380V three-phase AC current (phase difference 120 degrees). Because the rotor of a three-phase asynchronous motor rotates in the same direction but at a different speed than the stator's rotating magnetic field, there is slip, hence the name three-phase asynchronous motor. The rotor speed of a three-phase asynchronous motor is lower than the speed of the rotating magnetic field. The rotor windings generate electromotive force and current due to relative motion with the magnetic field, interacting with the magnetic field to produce electromagnetic torque, achieving energy conversion.

Bockwoldt motor control methods

Motor vector control technology: Vector control technology emerged in the early 70s. The vector control system for permanent magnet synchronous motors references DC motor control strategies, using coordinate transformation to decompose collected vectors such as the motor's three-phase stator current and flux linkage into two components along the direction of the rotor flux linkage rotating vector. One component, aligned with the rotor flux linkage direction, is called the direct-axis excitation current; the other, orthogonal to the rotor flux linkage direction, is called the quadrature-axis torque current. By adjusting the excitation current and torque current according to different control objectives, precise control over speed and torque is achieved, giving the control system good steady-state and dynamic response characteristics. Depending on the control objective, permanent magnet synchronous motor vector control algorithms can be categorized as follows: id=0 control, maximum torque per ampere control, field weakening control, etc. These performance indicators are all achieved through independent control of the direct-axis excitation current and the quadrature-axis torque current.

Bockwoldt motor structure

The motor structure is basically the same as that of a DC motor, with different armature structures and excitation methods. In practice, slotted core armature structures are often used; conductors placed in armature slots experience lower electromagnetic forces, making it easier to meet the mechanical strength requirements for insulation materials during high-speed operation. Although excitation methods can be made as series-excited or shunt-excited, the torque of shunt-excited motors is much lower than that of series-excited ones. Therefore, DC motors are typically made with series excitation and slotted armatures. Universal AC/DC motors have main poles on the stator equipped with embedded series-excited windings, and the rotor is like the slotted armature of a DC motor; the magnetic circuit is composed of laminated iron cores. Stator laminations facilitate manufacturing and reduce costs. Armature cores generally adopt a skewed slot form. The air gap between the stator and rotor is larger than that of DC motors and is non-uniform, with the maximum air gap at the sharpest point being 3 to 4 times the main air gap. Other components, such as brush holders and end caps, are similar to those of ordinary DC motors. Universal AC/DC motors have different structural forms and are sometimes made in split configurations, similar to torque motor structures. For high-capacity, high-speed, or special-purpose universal AC/DC motors, commutating poles are also required to improve commutation, suppress sparking, and reduce radio interference.

Bockwoldt motor development trends

The successful development of heat-resistant, high-magnetic-performance neodymium-iron-boron permanent magnet materials will enable their important application in high-power permanent magnet synchronous motors. Demand for high-power motors is growing in transportation and industry, such as in electric vehicles, hybrid (internal combustion engine and motor combined) power vehicles, trains, elevators, machine tools, and robots. Marine propulsion motors require low speed and high torque. Traditional motors are difficult to use in special occasions such as high temperature, high vacuum, or confined spaces, whereas rare-earth permanent magnet motors can withstand high temperatures (referring to samarium-cobalt or high-heat-resistance neodymium-iron-boron magnets) and are compact, precisely meeting these special requirements. Motors working in special environments, such as manipulators in aerospace equipment, inspection robots in nuclear energy equipment, and semiconductor manufacturing devices, require high-temperature motors and high-vacuum motors. Developed three-phase four-pole permanent magnet motors include 150W and 3000r/min, operating in high temperatures of 200℃ to 300℃ and a vacuum environment of 133.3×10-6Pa, with a diameter of 105mm and length of 145mm, using Sm2Co17 permanent magnets with good high-temperature characteristics.

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