ZF Friedrichshafen motor, Germany ZF Friedrichshafen model, ZF Friedrichshafen price

ZF Friedrichshafen motor refers to a motor that, under standard environmental conditions, operates continuously at 100% rated load within the 10%~100% rated speed range, with temperature rise not exceeding the motor's specified allowable value. When the slip variation is small, the speed of an asynchronous motor is proportional to the frequency; thus, changing the power supply frequency changes the speed of the asynchronous motor. During variable frequency speed control, it is always desired to keep the main magnetic flux constant. If the main magnetic flux is greater than the flux during normal operation, the magnetic circuit becomes oversaturated, causing an increase in excitation current and a decrease in power factor; if the main magnetic flux is less than the flux during normal operation, the motor torque decreases.

ZF Friedrichshafen motor fault handling

Incorrect motor winding connections result in an incomplete rotating magnetic field, causing symptoms such as difficult starting, unbalanced three-phase current, and high noise. If not addressed promptly, severe cases can lead to winding burnout. The main situations include: one or several coils in a pole phase installed in reverse or with head/tail connections swapped; pole (phase) groups connected in reverse; a phase winding connected in reverse; parallel winding branches connected incorrectly; incorrect "delta" or "Y" connection. 1. Fault phenomena: the motor fails to start, no-load current is excessive or significantly unbalanced, temperature rises too quickly, there is severe vibration and loud noise, or fuses blow. 2. Causes: mistakenly connecting a "delta" configuration as "Y"; one phase of the three-phase winding has its head and tail reversed during maintenance; inappropriate tap selection for reduced-voltage starting or internal wiring errors; incorrect winding connections when new motors are wound; incorrect identification of lead wires in old motors. 3. Inspection methods: (1) Ball rolling method. If a ball rolls along the inner circumferential surface of the stator, the connection is correct; otherwise, there is a wiring error. (2) Compass method. If the windings are correctly connected, the polarity indicated by a compass should reverse when passing adjacent pole (phase) groups in one phase, and also reverse for adjacent pole (phase) groups of different phases in the three-phase winding. If the polarity direction remains unchanged, one pole (phase) group is reversed; if the direction is indefinite, there are reversed coils within the phase group. (3) Multimeter voltage method. According to the wiring diagram, if the voltmeter shows no indication in two measurements, or shows a reading in one measurement and none in the other, it indicates reversed windings. (4) Other common methods include the dry battery method, milliammeter residual magnetism method, and motor rotation direction method. 4. Handling methods: (1) If a coil or coil group is reversed, causing significant no-load current imbalance, return to the factory for repair. (2) If lead wires are incorrect, correctly identify the head and tail ends and reconnect. (3) If reduced-voltage starting connections are incorrect, carefully verify against the wiring or schematic diagram and rewire. (4) If wiring is incorrect after winding new motors or rewinding, send to the factory for repair. (5) If one phase of the stator winding is reversed, the current in that phase will be exceptionally high; use this characteristic to locate and repair the fault. (6) If "Y" is connected as "delta" or the number of turns is insufficient, resulting in high no-load current, correct it promptly. How to measure and identify the same ends of the six lead wires of a three-phase asynchronous motor using a dry battery and a multimeter.

ZF Friedrichshafen motor structure

The motor rotor consists of the rotor core, rotor winding, and shaft. The rotor core is part of the motor's magnetic circuit and is made of stacked silicon steel sheets. Unlike stator core laminations, rotor core laminations have slots on their outer circumference. After stacking, the outer cylindrical surface of the rotor core forms many identical slots uniformly to house the rotor winding. The rotor winding is another part of the asynchronous motor circuit; its function is to cut the stator magnetic field, generate induced electromotive force and current, and produce force under the magnetic field to rotate the rotor. Its structure is classified into two types: squirrel-cage winding and wound rotor winding. The main characteristics of these rotors are: squirrel-cage rotors have a simple structure, are easy to manufacture, economical, and durable; wound rotors have a complex structure and are expensive, but external resistance can be introduced into the rotor circuit to improve starting and speed control performance. Squirrel-cage rotor windings consist of conductive bars placed in rotor slots and end rings at both ends. To save steel and increase productivity, the bars and end rings of low-power asynchronous motors are typically cast in one piece from molten aluminum. For high-power motors, since cast aluminum quality is difficult to guarantee, copper bars are often inserted into the rotor core slots, with end rings welded at both ends. Squirrel-cage rotor windings are self-closed and do not require an external power supply. Their shape resembles a cage, hence the name squirrel-cage rotor.

ZF Friedrichshafen motor performance

The stator construction is basically similar to that of a capacitor-split-phase single-phase asynchronous motor. The stator is equipped with two windings positioned 90° apart. One is the excitation winding Rf, which is always connected to the AC voltage Uf; the other is the control winding L, connected to the control signal voltage Uc. Therefore, AC servo motors are also known as two-phase servo motors. The rotor of an AC servo motor is typically squirrel-cage type. However, to achieve a wide speed control range, linear mechanical characteristics, no "self-rotation" phenomenon, and fast response performance, it must have two characteristics compared to ordinary motors: high rotor resistance and low moment of inertia. Two rotor structures are commonly used: one is a squirrel-cage rotor made of high-resistivity conductive material bars, designed slender to reduce the rotor's moment of inertia; the other is a hollow cup-shaped rotor made of aluminum alloy, with very thin walls of only 0.2-0.3mm. To reduce the magnetic reluctance of the magnetic circuit, a fixed inner stator is placed inside the hollow cup-shaped rotor. The hollow cup-shaped rotor has a very small moment of inertia, rapid response, and smooth operation, making it widely adopted. When there is no control voltage, the stator of an AC servo motor only has a pulsating magnetic field generated by the excitation winding, and the rotor remains stationary. When control voltage is applied, a rotating magnetic field is produced in the stator, causing the rotor to rotate in the direction of the rotating magnetic field. With constant load, the motor speed varies with the magnitude of the control voltage. When the phase of the control voltage is reversed, the servo motor reverses direction.

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