TOX PRESSOTECHNIK motor, German TOX PRESSOTECHNIK model, TOX PRESSOTECHNIK price

The TOX PRESSOTECHNIK motor is named for its armature winding and field winding connected in series. Single-phase series-wound motors are AC/DC universal motors; they can operate on either AC or DC power supplies. The single-phase series-wound motor is widely used. Its advantages include high speed, high starting torque, compact size, light weight, resistance to stalling, and a wide applicable voltage range. Speed control can be achieved simply and easily by voltage adjustment.

TOX PRESSOTECHNIK motor operating principle

Motor principle: When a single-phase sinusoidal current passes through the stator winding, the motor generates an alternating magnetic field. The strength and direction of this field vary sinusoidally with time, but its spatial orientation is fixed; hence, it is also called an alternating pulsating magnetic field. This alternating pulsating magnetic field can be decomposed into two rotating magnetic fields with the same speed but opposite directions of rotation. When the rotor is stationary, these two rotating magnetic fields produce two torques in the rotor that are equal in magnitude and opposite in direction, resulting in a net torque of zero, so the motor cannot rotate. When an external force causes the motor to rotate in a certain direction (e.g., clockwise), the relative motion of cutting magnetic flux lines between the rotor and the clockwise rotating magnetic field decreases, while the relative motion between the rotor and the counter-clockwise rotating magnetic field increases. This breaks the balance, and the total electromagnetic torque produced by the rotor is no longer zero, causing the rotor to rotate in the direction of the push. To enable a single-phase motor to start automatically, a starting winding can be added to the stator. The starting winding is spatially displaced by 90 degrees from the main winding. A suitable capacitor is connected in series with the starting winding so that the current in it is approximately 90 degrees out of phase with the current in the main winding, known as the phase-splitting principle. Thus, two currents with a time phase difference of 90 degrees are fed into two windings with a spatial phase difference of 90 degrees, generating a (two-phase) rotating magnetic field in space. Under the action of this rotating magnetic field, the rotor starts automatically. After starting, when the speed reaches a certain level, a centrifugal switch mounted on the rotor or other automatic control device disconnects the starting winding, leaving only the main winding operational during normal operation. Therefore, the starting winding can be designed for short-time duty. However, in many cases, the starting winding is not disconnected; such motors are referred to as single-phase motors. To change the direction of rotation of this type of motor, simply swap the connections of the auxiliary winding terminals. Another method for generating a rotating magnetic field in single-phase motors is called the shaded-pole method, also known as the single-phase shaded-pole motor. In this motor, the stator is made with salient poles, available in two-pole and four-pole configurations. Each pole has small slots cut into 1/3 to 1/4 of the full pole face, dividing the pole into two parts. A short-circuited copper ring is fitted over the smaller part, as if shading that portion of the pole, hence the name shaded-pole motor. The single-phase winding is wound around the entire pole, and the coils of each pole are connected in series. During connection, the polarities produced must be arranged sequentially as N, S, N, S. When the stator winding is energized, a main magnetic flux is generated in the poles. According to Lenz's law, the main flux passing through the short-circuited copper ring induces a current in the ring that lags in phase by 90 degrees. The flux generated by this current also lags behind the main flux in phase. Its effect is equivalent to the starting winding of a capacitor-start motor, thereby producing a rotating magnetic field that causes the motor to rotate.

TOX PRESSOTECHNIK motor development trends

Permanent magnet synchronous motors (PMSMs) are gradually being widely applied in industrial production and daily life due to their high efficiency, high power-to-weight ratio, simple structure, and significant energy-saving effects. Especially in recent years, with the successful development of high-temperature-resistant, high-performance neodymium iron boron (NdFeB) permanent magnets and further advancements in power electronic components, research and development of rare-earth permanent magnet synchronous motors have entered a new phase both domestically and internationally. Qualitative leaps are expected in both theoretical research and application fields, with current trends moving toward ultra-high speed, high torque, high power, miniaturization, and enhanced functionality. Permanent magnet synchronous motors do not require field windings, have a relatively simple structure, lack heat sources in the magnetic circuit, and do not require cooling devices. The high coercivity of the materials allows for larger air gaps, making significant increases in rotational speed possible. Due to the high maximum energy product of NdFeB permanent magnets, particularly their ability to be manufactured into ultra-thin shapes, it has become feasible to produce ultra-micro and low-inertia motors that were previously difficult to manufacture. Ultra-small motors with diameters of less than a few millimeters have been developed as drive sources for medical micro-devices, robotic arms for eye surgery, or pipeline inspection robots. The world's smallest permanent magnet motor, with an outer diameter of 0.8mm and a length of 1.2mm, has already been produced.

TOX PRESSOTECHNIK motor applications

The most widely used motors are AC asynchronous motors (also known as induction motors). They are easy to use, reliable, inexpensive, and robust in structure, but have a low power factor and difficult speed control. Synchronous motors are commonly used for high-capacity, low-speed prime movers. Synchronous motors not only have a high power factor, but their speed is independent of the load size and is determined solely by the grid frequency, resulting in stable operation. DC motors are often used in applications requiring wide-range speed control. However, they have commutators, complex structures, high prices, difficult maintenance, and are unsuitable for harsh environments. After the 20th century, in the 70s, with the development of power electronics technology, AC motor speed control technology gradually matured, equipment prices decreased, and they began to be applied. The maximum output mechanical power that a motor can handle under specified duty cycles (continuous, short-time, intermittent periodic) without causing overheating is called its rated power; attention should be paid to the ratings on the nameplate during use. During motor operation, care must be taken to match the load characteristics with the motor characteristics to avoid runaway or stalling. Motors can provide a wide range of power, from milliwatts to tens of megawatts. The use and control of motors are very convenient, featuring capabilities such as self-starting, acceleration, braking, reversal, and holding, meeting various operational requirements; motors have high efficiency, produce no smoke, dust, or odor, do not pollute the environment, and generate low noise. Due to these advantages, they are widely used in industrial and agricultural production, transportation, national defense, commerce, household appliances, and medical electrical equipment. Generally, when a motor's speed is adjusted, its output power changes with the speed.

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