STOEGRA motors Germany STOEGRA models STOEGRA prices

STOEGRA motors are devices that convert electrical energy into mechanical energy. They utilize energized coils (i.e., stator windings) to generate a rotating magnetic field, which acts on the rotor (such as a squirrel-cage closed aluminum frame) to form electromagnetic rotational torque. Motors are classified into DC motors and AC motors based on the power supply used. Most motors in power systems are AC motors, which can be synchronous motors or asynchronous motors (where the speed of the stator magnetic field does not remain synchronized with the rotor rotation speed). A motor mainly consists of a stator and a rotor. The direction of force-induced motion of current-carrying conductors in a magnetic field is related to the current direction and the direction of magnetic field lines (magnetic field direction). The working principle of a motor is that the magnetic field exerts force on the current, causing the motor to rotate.

STOEGRA motor mechanical characteristics

The reason motors are widely used in electric vehicles is that they have the following two advantages compared to traditional brushed DC motors. (1) Long service life, maintenance-free, and high reliability. In brushed DC motors, due to the high motor speed, brushes and commutators wear out quickly, and brushes generally need to be replaced after about 1000 hours of operation. In addition, the technical difficulty of the reduction gearbox is relatively high, especially the lubrication of transmission gears, which is a major challenge in brushed solutions. Therefore, brushed motors have problems such as high noise, low efficiency, and prone to failure. Thus, the advantages of brushless DC motors are obvious. (2) High efficiency and energy saving. Generally speaking, because brushless DC motors do not have friction losses from mechanical commutation, gearbox consumption, or speed control circuit losses, the efficiency can usually exceed 85%. However, considering the best cost-performance ratio in actual design and to reduce material consumption, they are generally designed for 76%. The efficiency of brushed DC motors, due to consumption by the gearbox and overrunning clutch, is typically around 70%.

STOEGRA motor energy-saving measures

Measures to improve motor efficiency. Motor energy saving is a systematic project involving the entire life cycle of the motor, from design and manufacturing to selection, operation, adjustment, maintenance, and disposal. The effectiveness of energy-saving measures must be considered over the entire life cycle of the motor. Domestically and internationally, the main considerations for improving motor efficiency focus on the following aspects. The design of energy-saving motors refers to the use of modern design methods such as optimization design technology, new material technology, control technology, integration technology, and testing technology to reduce motor power loss, improve motor efficiency, and design high-efficiency motors. While converting electrical energy into mechanical energy, the motor itself also loses a portion of energy. Typical AC motor losses can generally be divided into three parts: fixed losses, variable losses, and stray losses. Variable losses change with load and include stator resistance loss (copper loss), rotor resistance loss, and brush resistance loss. Fixed losses are independent of load and include core losses and mechanical losses. Core losses consist of hysteresis loss and eddy current loss, which are proportional to the square of the voltage; hysteresis loss is also inversely proportional to frequency. Other stray losses are mechanical and other losses, including bearing friction loss and windage loss caused by the rotation of fans, rotors, etc.

STOEGRA motor speed control

Motor speed control mostly adopts the method of adjusting voltage, which means changing the electromotive force. According to its mechanical characteristics, factors affecting motor speed include electromotive force, magnetic flux, and the number of armature conductors. For already manufactured motors, the number of conductors is fixed and cannot be changed, so this method cannot be used. If the method of changing magnetic flux is adopted, it requires connecting an adjustable resistor in parallel at the excitation coil, but this resistor consumes significant power and is bulky, so it is not a simple or economical method. Adopting voltage regulation using thyristor speed control technology features simple circuits and small component sizes, making it a simple and effective method. The voltage speed control method for single-phase series-wound motors uses controllable phase-shifting voltage regulation, utilizing the thyristor's trigger voltage lagging behind the input voltage to achieve phase-shifted triggering of the input voltage. Implementation methods include hardware and software approaches. In hardware design, to achieve reliable motor speed control, dedicated integrated circuits are used as control circuits, and speed sensors are installed on the motor shaft to feedback speed signals, thereby keeping the set motor speed stable regardless of load changes. However, these high-performance speed control devices lack competitiveness in actual household appliance speed control due to complex circuits, high costs, and large sizes. Using software methods, only a microprocessor needs to be added in hardware, writing control algorithm programs into the microprocessor to trigger the delayed conduction of thyristors, thereby achieving speed control of series-wound motors. This method has a relatively simple circuit, can be completed using a microcontroller, and saves costs. Therefore, this method is often used in practical applications. According to controllable phase-shifting rectification methods, there are full-wave rectification and half-wave rectification. Similarly, speed control methods for series-wound motors are also divided into full-wave and half-wave. Using half-wave rectification, during the positive half-cycle of the AC power sine signal, due to the characteristics of the thyristor, when an appropriate positive pulse signal is given after a delay time, the thyristor conducts, and the series-wound motor receives power excitation to operate. Different delay times correspond to different voltage excitations, causing the motor to output different speeds, thereby achieving speed control. The principle of full-wave mode is the same as half-wave, using a triac. During the negative half-cycle of the AC sine signal, control pulses are given to the thyristor to achieve control of the system's input power voltage. In this way, the motor speed signal is adjusted twice within one power cycle, which can improve the system's response speed, timely adjust motor speed to make motor operation smoother, and provide a wider speed control range.

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