Ruetschi motor Germany Ruetschi model Ruetschi price

Ruetschi motor is a single-phase AC commutator motor, suitable for single-phase power supply applications requiring speed regulation and reversal of rotation direction. The stator winding is powered by a single-phase source, and the rotor is an armature winding with a commutator short-circuited via brushes. The brushes can be moved to any position relative to the stator winding as needed. By shifting this position, the rotor's direction of rotation, mechanical characteristics, and operating speed can be changed. When the brushes deviate counterclockwise from the geometric neutral axis, the rotor rotates clockwise; when the brushes deviate clockwise from the geometric neutral axis, the rotor rotates counterclockwise.

Ruetschi motor speed control

Motor speed control mostly adopts the method of voltage regulation, which means changing the electromotive force (EMF). According to its mechanical characteristics, the factors affecting motor speed are EMF, magnetic flux, and the number of armature conductors. For already manufactured motors, the number of conductors is fixed and cannot be changed, so this method cannot be used. If the method of changing magnetic flux is adopted, it requires connecting an adjustable resistor in parallel with the excitation coil, but this resistor consumes significant power and has a large volume, making it neither simple nor economical. Adopting voltage regulation using thyristor speed control technology features simple circuits and small component sizes, making it a simple and effective method. The voltage speed control method for single-phase series-wound motors uses controllable phase-shift voltage regulation, utilizing the thyristor's trigger voltage lagging behind the input voltage to achieve phase-shift triggering of the input voltage. Implementation methods include hardware and software approaches. In hardware design, to achieve reliable motor speed control, dedicated integrated circuits are used as control circuits, and speed sensors are installed on the motor shaft to feedback speed signals, thereby keeping the set motor speed stable regardless of load changes. However, these high-performance speed control devices lack competitiveness in actual household appliance speed control due to complex circuits, high costs, and large volumes. In contrast, the software method only requires adding a microprocessor to the hardware, writing control algorithm programs into the microprocessor, and using the microprocessor to trigger the delayed conduction of the thyristor, thereby achieving speed control of the series-wound motor. This method has a relatively simple circuit, can be completed using a microcontroller, and saves costs. Therefore, this method is widely used in practical applications. According to the controllable phase-shift rectification method, there are full-wave rectification and half-wave rectification. Similarly, the speed control methods for series-wound motors are also divided into full-wave and half-wave. Using the half-wave rectification method, during the positive half-cycle of the AC power sine signal, due to the characteristics of the thyristor, when an appropriate positive pulse signal is given after a delay time, the thyristor conducts, and the series-wound motor receives power excitation to operate. Different delay times correspond to different voltage excitations, causing the motor to output different speeds, thereby achieving speed control. The principle of the full-wave method is the same as that of the half-wave method, using a bidirectional thyristor. During the negative half-cycle of the AC sine signal, control pulses are given to the thyristor to achieve control over the system's input power voltage. In this way, the motor's speed signal is adjusted twice within one power cycle, which can improve the system's response speed, timely adjust the motor speed to make the motor operation smoother, and provide a wider speed regulation range.

Ruetschi motor working principle

A motor is an electric motor that converts DC electrical energy into mechanical energy. It is widely used in electric drives due to its good speed regulation performance. DC motors are classified into 3 types based on excitation methods: permanent magnet, separately excited, and self-excited. Among them, self-excited motors are further divided into 3 types: shunt-excited, series-excited, and compound-excited. When DC power supplies current to the armature winding through brushes, conductors under the N pole on the armature surface carry current in the same direction. According to the left-hand rule, these conductors are subjected to a counterclockwise torque. Similarly, part of the conductors under the S pole on the armature surface also carry current in the same direction, and according to the left-hand rule, they are also subjected to a counterclockwise torque. Thus, the entire armature winding, i.e., the rotor, rotates counterclockwise, converting the input DC electrical energy into mechanical energy output on the rotor shaft. It consists of a stator and a rotor. Stator: base, main magnetic poles, commutating poles, brush assembly, etc. Rotor (armature): armature core, armature winding, commutator, shaft, fan, etc.

Ruetschi motor fault handling

Motor winding short circuits are caused by insulation damage resulting from excessive motor current, large fluctuations in power supply voltage, single-phase operation, mechanical damage, poor manufacturing, etc. They are classified into inter-turn short circuits, inter-winding short circuits, inter-pole short circuits, and inter-phase short circuits. 1. Fault phenomena: uneven distribution of the magnetic field, unbalanced three-phase current causing increased vibration and noise during motor operation. In severe cases, the motor fails to start, and large short-circuit currents generated in the shorted coils cause rapid heating and burnout. 2. Causes: long-term overload of the motor causing insulation aging and loss of insulating properties; insulation damage during winding insertion; moisture in the winding reducing insulation resistance and causing breakdown; improper padding or damage during shaping of end and inter-layer insulation materials; damage to insulation of end connection wires; insulation breakdown due to overvoltage or lightning strikes; insulation damage caused by mutual friction between the ends of the rotor and stator windings; metal foreign objects falling into the motor interior and excessive oil contamination. 3. Inspection methods: (1) External observation. Check the junction box and winding ends for charring; windings overheated leave a dark brown color and emit a burnt smell. (2) Temperature detection. Run no-load for 20 minutes (stop immediately if abnormalities are detected) and touch each part of the winding with the back of the hand to check if it exceeds normal temperature. (3) Power-on test. Measure with an ammeter; if the current in a certain phase is excessively high, it indicates a short circuit in that phase. (4) Bridge measurement. Measure the DC resistance of each winding; generally, the difference should not exceed 5%. If it exceeds this, the phase with lower resistance has a short circuit fault. (5) Short-circuit detector method. If the tested winding has a short circuit, the steel sheet will vibrate. (6) Multimeter or megohmmeter method. Measure the insulation resistance between any two phase windings; if the reading is extremely small or zero, it indicates a short circuit between those two phases. (7) Voltage drop method. Connect the three windings in series and apply low-voltage safe AC power; the group with a smaller reading has a short circuit fault. (8) Current method. Run the motor no-load, first measure the three-phase currents, then swap two phases and measure again for comparison. If the readings do not change with the power swap, the phase with the higher current has a short circuit. 4. Short circuit handling methods: (1) Short circuit point at the end. Insulate the short circuit point with insulating material, or re-wrap with insulated wire, then varnish and bake dry. (2) Short circuit in the slot. Soften the winding, locate and repair the short circuit point, place it back into the slot, then varnish and bake dry. (3) For each phase winding with fewer than 1/12 shorted turns, cut all shorted turns when connecting in series, connect the conducting parts to form a closed loop for emergency use. (4) When the number of shorted turns in the winding exceeds 1/12, completely remove and rewind.

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