Magnetic motor Germany Magnetic model Magnetic price

The Magnetic motor is a device that converts electrical energy into mechanical energy. It uses energized coils (i.e., stator windings) to generate a rotating magnetic field, which acts on the rotor (such as a squirrel-cage closed aluminum frame) to form electromagnetic torque. Motors are classified into DC motors and AC motors based on the power supply used. Most motors in power systems are AC motors, which can be synchronous or asynchronous (the speed of the stator magnetic field does not remain synchronized with the rotor speed). The motor mainly consists of a stator and a rotor. The direction of force-induced motion of current-carrying conductors in a magnetic field depends on the direction of the current and the direction of the magnetic flux lines (magnetic field direction). The working principle of the motor is that the magnetic field exerts force on the current, causing the motor to rotate.

Magnetic motor protection

Motor coils are usually wound with very fine copper wire and have poor current-carrying capacity. When the motor load is high or the motor stalls, the current flowing through the coil increases rapidly, causing the motor temperature to rise sharply, and the copper windings are easily burned out. If a polymer PTC thermistor is connected in series in the motor coil, it provides timely protection during motor overload, preventing the motor from burning out. Thermistors are usually placed near the coil so that they can sense temperature more easily, making protection faster and more effective. For primary protection, thermistors with higher voltage ratings, such as the KT250 type, are usually selected. For secondary protection, thermistors with lower voltage ratings, such as KT60-B, KT30-B, KT16-B, and chip-type motor thermistors, are usually selected.

Magnetic motor structure

The motor structure consists of two main parts: the stator and the rotor. The stationary part of a DC motor during operation is called the stator. The main function of the stator is to generate a magnetic field, and it consists of the frame, main poles, commutating poles, end covers, bearings, and brush assembly. The rotating part during operation is called the rotor. Its main function is to generate electromagnetic torque and induced electromotive force, serving as the hub for energy conversion in DC motors, so it is often referred to as the armature. It consists of the shaft, armature core, armature winding, commutator, and fan. The main pole generates the air gap magnetic field. The main pole consists of the main pole core and the field winding. The core is generally made by stacking and riveting silicon steel sheets with a thickness of 0.5mm to 1.5mm. It is divided into the pole body and the pole shoe. The part covered by the field winding is called the pole body, and the widened part below is called the pole shoe. The pole shoe is wider than the pole body, which not only adjusts the distribution of the magnetic field in the air gap but also facilitates fixing the field winding. The field winding is wound with insulated copper wire and fitted onto the main pole core. The entire main pole is fixed to the frame with screws. The function of the commutating pole is to improve commutation and reduce commutation sparks that may occur between the brush and the commutator during motor operation. It is generally installed between two adjacent main poles and consists of the commutating pole core and the commutating pole winding. The commutating pole winding is wound with insulated wire and fitted onto the commutating pole core. The number of commutating poles is equal to the number of main poles. The outer shell of the motor stator is called the frame. The frame has two functions: first, it fixes the main poles, commutating poles, and end covers, providing support and fixation for the entire motor; second, the frame itself is part of the magnetic circuit, forming a magnetic path between the poles. The part through which magnetic flux passes is called the yoke. To ensure sufficient mechanical strength and good magnetic conductivity, the frame is generally made of cast steel or welded steel plates. The brush assembly is used to introduce or extract DC voltage and DC current. The brush assembly consists of brushes, brush holders, brush rods, and brush rod seats. The brushes are placed in the brush holders and pressed by springs to ensure good sliding contact between the brushes and the commutator. The brush holders are fixed to the brush rods, which are mounted on a ring-shaped brush rod seat. They must be insulated from each other. The brush rod seat is mounted on the end cover or bearing inner cover. Its circumferential position can be adjusted and fixed after adjustment.

Magnetic motor starting methods

Motor starting methods include direct starting and reduced-voltage starting. Reduced-voltage starting includes autotransformer compensation starting, star-delta switching starting, and extended delta starting. Generally, small and medium-sized squirrel-cage asynchronous motors can be started directly. Direct starting equipment is simple and the method is convenient. However, the starting current is large, and the starting torque is small. Large-capacity squirrel-cage asynchronous motors generally start by reducing the terminal voltage of the stator winding. During reduced-voltage starting, the starting current can be reduced, but the starting torque is inevitably reduced as well. The various reduced-voltage starting methods are introduced as follows: Autotransformer compensation starting: Starting voltage = voltage reduction factor × rated voltage; Starting current = voltage reduction factor × starting current (direct); Starting torque = square of voltage reduction factor × starting torque (direct). Characteristics of the starting method: The motor stator winding starts via an autotransformer for voltage reduction, and the autotransformer is disconnected after starting. Advantages and disadvantages: 1 Small starting current, 2 Starting control equipment cannot be complex, 3 Equipment is relatively expensive, but the starting torque is larger than that of the star-delta switching method, so it is widely used. Star-delta switching starting: Starting voltage = 0.577 × rated voltage; Starting current = 1/3 × starting current (direct); Starting torque = 1/3 × starting torque (direct). Characteristics of the starting method: The motor stator winding is connected in star configuration during starting and switched to delta configuration after starting. Advantages and disadvantages: 1 Small starting current, 2 Small starting torque, 3 Can start frequently, 4 Low price, suitable for motors with delta-connected stator windings, generally used for light-load starting of small-capacity motors. Extended delta starting: Starting voltage = 0.78 × rated voltage (depends on the tap voltage of the stator winding); Starting current = 0.6 × starting current (direct); Starting torque = 0.6 × starting torque (direct). Characteristics of the starting method: The motor stator winding is connected in extended delta configuration during starting and switched to delta configuration after starting. Advantages and disadvantages: 1 Relatively small starting current, 2 Relatively large starting torque, 3 Can start frequently, 4 Only applicable to motors with intermediate taps in the stator winding. Secondly, soft starters and variable frequency drives are widely used. They are convenient to control and can be promoted for small-capacity equipment. For large-capacity, high-voltage motors, they should be used with caution. Although this technology is mature, the presence of nonlinear components in the circuit generates a large amount of harmonic content, polluting the power supply. Despite the availability of harmonic mitigation equipment, irregular waveforms still exist in low-voltage circuits, affecting the normal operation of office electronic equipment and potentially causing capacitor breakdown in the circuit.

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