Loher motors, German Loher models, Loher prices

Loher motors consist of the motor body and the driver, representing a typical mechatronic product. Brushless motors refer to motors without brushes and commutators (or slip rings), also known as commutator-less motors. As early as the nineteenth century, when motors were first invented, the practical motors produced were of the brushless type, namely AC squirrel-cage asynchronous motors, which were widely used. However, asynchronous motors have many insurmountable defects, resulting in slow development of motor technology. Transistors emerged in the mid-twentieth century, leading to the emergence of DC brushless motors that use transistor commutation circuits to replace brushes and commutators. This new type of brushless motor is called an electronically commutated DC motor, which overcomes the defects of the first generation of brushless motors.

Loher motor mechanical characteristics

Motor characteristics: With the rapid development of power electronics and new semiconductor devices, AC speed control technology has been continuously improved. Variable frequency drives (VFDs), with their good output waveforms and excellent performance-to-price ratio, are widely used in AC motors. Large motors for rolling mills in steel plants, medium and small roller table motors, traction motors for railways and urban rail transit, elevator motors, hoisting motors for container lifting equipment, motors for water pumps and fans, compressors, and household appliance motors have successively adopted AC variable frequency speed control motors, achieving good results. AC variable frequency speed control motors have significant advantages over DC speed control motors: (1) Easy speed control and energy saving. (2) AC motors have a simple structure, small size, low inertia, low cost, easy maintenance, and durability. (3) Capacity can be expanded to achieve high-speed and high-voltage operation. (4) Soft start and rapid braking can be achieved. (5) Spark-free, explosion-proof, and strong environmental adaptability. In recent years, international variable frequency speed control drives have developed at an annual growth rate of 13 % to 16 %, showing a trend of gradually replacing most DC speed control drives. Since ordinary asynchronous motors operating with constant frequency and constant voltage power sources have significant limitations when applied to variable frequency speed control systems, specialized variable frequency AC motors designed for specific applications and requirements have been developed abroad. Examples include motors for low noise and low vibration, motors with improved low-speed torque characteristics, high-speed motors, motors with tachogenerators, and vector control motors.

Loher motor structure

The basic structure of a motor consists of the stator, rotor, and other accessories. Function of the stator core: It is part of the motor's magnetic circuit and holds the stator windings. Function of the stator windings: They form the electrical circuit part of the motor; when three-phase AC current is supplied, they generate a rotating magnetic field. Function of the frame: It fixes the stator core and front/rear end caps to support the rotor, providing protection and heat dissation. Function of the rotor: It serves as part of the motor's magnetic circuit and holds the rotor windings in the core slots. Function of the rotor windings: They cut the stator's rotating magnetic field to generate induced electromotive force and current, forming electromagnetic torque that causes the motor to rotate. Characteristics: The structure is relatively complex, so wound-rotor motors are not as widely used as squirrel-cage motors. However, by inserting additional resistors into the rotor winding circuit via slip rings and brushes, the starting, braking, and speed control performance of asynchronous motors can be improved. Therefore, they are used in equipment requiring smooth speed control within a certain range, such as cranes, elevators, and air compressors. Other accessories of three-phase asynchronous motors: 1, End caps: Support function. 2, Bearings: Connect rotating parts to stationary parts. 3, Bearing end caps: Protect bearings. 4, Fan: Cools the motor.

Loher motor control principle

When the motor rotates, the control unit compares the speed composed of the commands set by the driver (speed and acceleration/deceleration rates) with the speed of hall-sensor signal changes (or via software calculation) to determine which next group of switches (AH, BL or AH, CL or BH, CL or ...) conducts and for how long. If the speed is insufficient, the conduction time is lengthened; if the speed is excessive, it is shortened. This task is performed by PWM. PWM determines whether the motor speed is fast or slow; how to generate such PWM is core to achieving precise speed control. High-speed control must consider whether the system's CLOCK resolution is sufficient to handle the time required for software instructions. Additionally, the data access method for hall-sensor signal changes affects processor efficiency, judgment accuracy, and real-time performance. For low-speed control, especially low-speed starting, the returned hall-sensor signal changes more slowly, making the signal capture method, processing timing, and appropriate configuration of control parameters based on motor characteristics very important. Alternatively, speed feedback can reference encoder changes to increase signal resolution for better control. Smooth motor operation and good response also depend heavily on proper P.I.D control. As previously mentioned, DC brushless motors use closed-loop control, so the feedback signal indicates to the control unit the difference between the actual motor speed and the target speed, which is the error.

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