H&K motor, German H&K model, H&K price

H&K motor refers to an electromagnetic device that converts or transfers electrical energy based on the law of electromagnetic induction. It broadly refers to all machines that can convert mechanical energy into electrical energy and electrical energy into mechanical energy. The motor housing protection rating is IP44, and the cooling method is IC0141 totally enclosed fan-cooled (TEFC). The ambient air temperature varies with the seasons but does not exceed 15℃ to 40℃. The altitude does not exceed 1000m. Refer to the nameplate for rated frequency, rated voltage, insulation class, and duty cycle. When the power supply voltage varies within ±0.05 of the rated value (frequency is the rated value), the motor output power maintains the rated value.

H&K motor classification

Theoretically, a single-phase motor can be started if measures are taken to create a certain phase difference between the AC currents flowing through its two windings. How to create a certain phase difference between magnetic potentials or magnetic fluxes that are already spatially offset by a certain angle is the starting point for solving the starting problem. Based on this, single-phase AC asynchronous motors can be divided into two main categories: split-phase and shaded-pole. Split-phase single-phase motors use capacitors or resistors connected in series with the inductive starting winding to achieve phase shifting, causing the current phase of the starting winding and the running winding to be offset, known as "split-phase." Capacitor split-phase single-phase motor principle wiring. Due to the significant phase-shifting effect of the capacitor, connecting a capacitor of appropriate capacity (generally about 20 to 50μF) in series with the starting winding can make the current phase difference between the two windings close to 90°. At this point, the resulting rotating magnetic field is close to a circular rotating magnetic field, resulting in high starting torque and low starting current. This type of single-phase motor is widely used; after starting, the capacitor can be retained (known as capacitor-run motor) or disconnected (known as capacitor-start motor, executed by a centrifugal switch inside the motor) as needed. If it is necessary to change the motor's direction of rotation, simply swap the output terminals of any one winding, which reverses the current phase relationship between the two windings. Resistance split-phase single-phase motors have fewer turns and thinner wires, resulting lower reactance and higher resistance compared to the running winding. When using resistance split-phase starting, the starting winding current leads the running winding, and the resulting magnetic field is an elliptical rotating magnetic field with high ellipticity, resulting in low starting torque. It is only used for no-load or light-load applications and is less common. The starting winding of a resistance split-phase single-phase motor is generally designed for short-time operation; it is disconnected by a centrifugal switch after starting, and the running winding maintains operation. Figure (b) shows the principle wiring of a resistance split-phase single-phase motor.

H&K motor duty cycle

Motor excitation methods: DC exciter supply. This excitation method uses a dedicated DC generator, known as a DC exciter. The exciter is generally coaxial with the generator. The generator's excitation winding obtains DC current from the exciter via slip rings mounted on the main shaft and fixed brushes. This excitation method has advantages such as independent excitation current, reliable operation, and reduced auxiliary power consumption. It was the main excitation method for generators in past decades and has mature operational experience. The disadvantages are slow excitation regulation speed and high maintenance workload, so it is rarely used in units above 10MW. Exciterless excitation method: No dedicated exciter is set up in this excitation method. Instead, the excitation power is obtained from the generator itself, rectified, and then supplied to the generator's own excitation, known as self-excited static excitation. Self-excited static excitation can be divided into self-shunt excitation and self-compound excitation. Self-shunt excitation obtains excitation current through a rectifier transformer connected to the generator outlet, which is rectified and supplied to the generator excitation. This excitation method has advantages such as simple structure, fewer devices, cost savings, and low maintenance workload. Self-compound excitation, in addition to having a rectifier transformer, also has a high-power current transformer connected in series in the generator stator circuit. The function of this transformer is to provide a larger excitation current to the generator in the event of a short circuit, compensating for the insufficient output of the rectifier transformer. This excitation method has two excitation power sources: a voltage source obtained through the rectifier transformer and a current source obtained through the series transformer. AC exciter supply excitation method: Some modern large-capacity generators use an AC exciter to provide excitation current. The AC exciter is also mounted on the generator's main shaft. Its output AC current is rectified and supplied to the generator rotor excitation. At this time, the generator's excitation method belongs to separately excited excitation. Since it uses a static rectification device, it is also called separately excited static excitation. An AC pilot exciter provides the excitation current. The AC pilot exciter can be a permanent magnet measuring device machine or an AC generator with a self-excited constant voltage device. To improve the excitation regulation speed, the AC exciter usually adopts a 100–200HZ medium-frequency generator, while the AC pilot exciter adopts a 400–500HZ medium-frequency generator. The DC excitation winding and three-phase AC winding of this generator are both wound in the stator slots. The rotor has only teeth and slots without windings, resembling a gear. Therefore, it has no rotating contact parts such as brushes and slip rings, offering advantages such as reliable operation, simple structure, and convenient manufacturing process. The disadvantages are higher noise and larger harmonic components in the AC electromotive force.

H&K motor control method

Motor Direct Torque Control technology: Direct Torque Control (Direct Self-Control, DSC) constructs flux linkage and electromagnetic torque models on the stator stationary coordinate system, achieving control of electromagnetic torque and stator flux linkage by applying different voltage vectors. The Direct Torque Control method has advantages such as simple algorithms and good torque response. Therefore, it is widely used in applications requiring high transient torque response. Due to inherent disadvantages in control, the Direct Torque Control method has low control frequency and large torque ripple at low speeds. Therefore, reducing torque ripple at low speeds has become a research hotspot in Direct Torque Control methods. Sun Xiaohui and others achieved good results by optimizing the voltage vector action time to reduce torque ripple at low speeds. D.casadei and others applied the Direct Torque Control method to the control of AC induction motors based on discrete space vector modulation technology, reducing torque ripple.

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