FELM motor Germany FELM model FELM price

FELM motor is a single-phase AC commutator motor, suitable for single-phase power supply applications requiring speed regulation and reversal of rotation direction. The stator winding is powered by a single-phase source, and the rotor is an armature winding with a commutator short-circuited via brushes. The brushes can be moved to any position relative to the stator winding as needed. By shifting this position, the rotor's direction of rotation, mechanical characteristics, and operating speed can be changed. When the brushes deviate counterclockwise from the geometric neutral axis, the rotor rotates clockwise; when the brushes deviate clockwise from the geometric neutral axis, the rotor rotates counterclockwise.

FELM motor control principle

When the motor rotates, the control unit compares the command composed of the speed and acceleration/deceleration rates set by the driver with the rate of change of the hall-sensor signal (or via software calculation) to determine which next set of switches (AH, BL or AH, CL or BH, CL or ...) conducts, as well as the conduction duration. If the speed is insufficient, the conduction time is lengthened; if the speed is excessive, it is shortened. This function is performed by PWM. PWM determines whether the motor speed is high or low; how to generate such PWM is the core of achieving precise speed control. High-speed control must consider whether the system's CLOCK resolution is sufficient to handle the processing time of software commands. Additionally, the data access method for hall-sensor signal changes affects processor performance, judgment accuracy, and real-time response. For low-speed control, especially low-speed starting, the returned hall-sensor signal changes more slowly, making the signal acquisition method, processing timing, and appropriate configuration of control parameters based on motor characteristics critically important. Alternatively, speed feedback may reference encoder changes to increase signal resolution for better control. Smooth motor operation and good response depend significantly on proper P.I.D control. As previously mentioned, brushless DC motors use closed-loop control, so the feedback signal indicates to the control unit the difference between the actual motor speed and the target speed, which constitutes the error.

FELM motor working principle

Motor operating principle: A servo mechanism (servo mechanism) is an automatic control system that enables output controlled variables, such as the position, orientation, and state of an object, to follow any change in the input target (or setpoint). servo positioning relies primarily on pulses. Basically, when a servo motor receives 1 pulse, it rotates by the angle corresponding to 1 pulse, thereby achieving displacement. Because the servo motor itself has the function of generating pulses, each time the servo motor rotates by an angle, it emits a corresponding number of pulses. This creates a response, or closed loop, with the pulses received by the servo motor. In this way, the system knows how many pulses were sent to the servo motor and how many pulses were received back, allowing very precise control of the motor's rotation and thus achieving precise positioning, which can reach 0.001mm. DC servo motors are divided into brushed and brushless motors. Brushed motors have low cost, simple structure, high starting torque, wide speed regulation range, and easy control; they require maintenance, but maintenance is inconvenient (replacing carbon brushes), they generate electromagnetic interference, and have environmental requirements. Therefore, they can be used in cost-sensitive general industrial and civil applications. Brushless motors are small in size, light in weight, provide high output, have fast response, high speed, low inertia, smooth rotation, and stable torque. Control is complex, but intelligentization is easy to achieve; their electronic commutation method is flexible, allowing square wave commutation or sine wave commutation. The motors are maintenance-free, have high efficiency, low operating temperature, very low electromagnetic radiation, long service life, and can be used in various environments. AC servo motors are also brushless motors, divided into synchronous and asynchronous motors; synchronous motors are generally used in motion control. They have a wide power range and can achieve very high power. They have high inertia and low maximum rotational speed, which decreases rapidly as power increases. Therefore, they are suitable for applications requiring smooth low-speed operation. The rotor inside the servo motor is a permanent magnet. The U/V/W three-phase current controlled by the drive forms an electromagnetic field. The rotor rotates under the action of this magnetic field, while the encoder built into the motor feeds back signals to the drive. The drive compares the feedback value with the target value and adjusts the rotation angle of the rotor. The precision of the servo motor is determined by the precision (line count) of the encoder. Functional differences between AC servo motors and brushless DC servo motors: AC servo is better because it uses sine wave control, resulting in small torque ripple. DC servo uses trapezoidal waves. However, DC servo is simpler and cheaper.

FELM motor applications

Motors have broad application prospects in the following areas: (1) High-speed motors are used in centrifugal compressors for air conditioners or refrigerators, among other applications. With technological development, increasing special requirements will lead to wider adoption. (2) With the development of hybrid vehicles in the automotive industry, compact, lightweight high-speed generators will receive significant attention and show good application prospects in hybrid vehicles, aviation, and marine sectors. (3) Gas turbine-driven high-speed generators are compact and highly maneuverable, suitable as backup power for critical facilities, independent power sources, or small power stations, compensating for limitations of centralized power supply and holding significant practical value. Since centrifugal force on the high-speed motor rotor is proportional to the square of linear velocity, high mechanical strength is required. Due to high frequency and significant iron losses, magnetic flux density in the core should be appropriately reduced, and low-loss core materials adopted. Bearing research is integral to high-speed motors, as standard bearings cannot withstand prolonged high-speed operation; new materials and structures are necessary. High-speed motors come in various configurations, such as induction, permanent magnet, and reluctance motors. Centrifugal forces during high-speed rotation are substantial; when linear velocity exceeds 200m/s, conventional laminated rotors cannot withstand the centrifugal forces, necessitating special high-strength laminated or solid rotors. In the nearly century-long history of rotor dynamics development, numerous calculation methods have emerged. Modern methods mainly fall into two categories: transfer matrix method and finite element method. The finite element method offers concise and standardized motion equation expressions, providing many advantages in solving rotor dynamics problems or complex mechanical systems comprising rotors and surrounding structures. While the finite element method involves extensive discretization of complex rotor systems and yields more accurate results than the transfer matrix method, it requires longer computation times and greater memory usage. Advances in modern computer technology provide favorable hardware support for the finite element method.

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