ENGEL ElektroMotoren motors, German ENGEL ElektroMotoren models, ENGEL ElektroMotoren prices

ENGEL ElektroMotoren motors refer to the engines that control the operation of mechanical components in servo systems; they are auxiliary motors serving as indirect speed-changing devices. Servo motors can control speed with very high position accuracy, converting voltage signals into torque and rotational speed to drive controlled objects. The rotor speed of a servo motor is controlled by the input signal and responds rapidly. In automatic control systems, they serve as actuating elements, featuring small electromechanical time constants and high linearity, converting received electrical signals into angular displacement or angular velocity output at the motor shaft. They are divided into two main categories: DC and AC servo motors. Their main characteristic is that there is no self-rotation when the signal voltage is zero, and the speed decreases uniformly as torque increases.

ENGEL ElektroMotoren motor operating principle

When three-phase currents are supplied to the three-phase symmetrical windings of the stator in a permanent magnet synchronous motor, the magnetomotive forces (MMF) generated by the currents synthesize into a rotating MMF with constant amplitude. Since its amplitude remains constant, the trajectory of this rotating MMF forms a circle, known as a circular rotating MMF. Its magnitude is exactly 1.5 times the maximum amplitude of the single-phase MMF, where F represents the circular rotating MMF, (T・m); Fφl is the maximum amplitude of the single-phase MMF, (T・m); k is the fundamental winding factor; p is the number of pole pairs in the motor; N is the number of series turns per coil; I is the RMS value of the current flowing through the coil. Since the speed of a permanent magnet synchronous motor is always the synchronous speed, the rotor's main magnetic field and the rotating magnetic field produced by the stator's circular rotating MMF remain relatively stationary. The interaction between these two fields creates a resultant magnetic field in the air gap between the stator and rotor. This resultant field interacts with the rotor's main magnetic field, producing an electromagnetic torque Te that either drives or opposes motor rotation, where Te is the electromagnetic torque, (N・m); is the power angle, rad; BR is the rotor's main magnetic field, T; Bnet is the resultant air-gap magnetic field, T. Depending on the positional relationship between the resultant air-gap magnetic field and the rotor's main magnetic field, the permanent magnet synchronous motor can operate either as a motor or as a generator. The three operating states of the permanent magnet synchronous motor are shown in Figure 3. When the resultant air-gap magnetic field lags behind the rotor's main magnetic field, the generated electromagnetic torque is opposite to the direction of rotor rotation, placing the motor in generating mode. Conversely, when the resultant air-gap magnetic field leads the rotor's main magnetic field, the generated electromagnetic torque is in the same direction as the rotor rotation, placing the motor in motoring mode. The angle between the rotor's main magnetic field and the resultant air-gap magnetic field is called the power angle. A permanent magnet synchronous motor consists of two key components: a multipole permanent magnet rotor and a stator with appropriately designed windings. During operation, the rotating multipole permanent magnet rotor creates a time-varying magnetic flux in the air gap between the rotor and stator. This flux induces an AC voltage at the terminals of the stator windings, forming the basis for power generation. The permanent magnet synchronous motor discussed here uses a ring-shaped permanent magnet mounted on a ferromagnetic core. Internal permanent magnet synchronous motors are not considered here. Because embedding magnets into a plated ferromagnetic core is very difficult, by using magnets of appropriate thickness (500μm) and high-performance magnetic materials for the rotor and stator cores, the air gap can be made very large (300~500μm) without significant performance loss. This allows the stator windings to occupy a certain space in the air gap, greatly simplifying the manufacturing of permanent magnet synchronous motors.

ENGEL ElektroMotoren motor energy-saving measures

Measures to improve motor efficiency. Motor energy conservation is a systematic engineering project involving the entire life cycle of the electric motor, from design and manufacturing to selection, operation, adjustment, maintenance, and disposal. The effectiveness of energy-saving measures must be considered over the motor's entire life cycle. Domestically and internationally, the main focus in this area is on improving motor efficiency in the following aspects. The design of energy-efficient motors involves using modern design methods such as optimization design technology, new material technology, control technology, integration technology, and testing technology to reduce power losses and improve efficiency, thereby designing high-efficiency motors. While converting electrical energy into mechanical energy, motors also lose a portion of energy. Typical AC motor losses are generally divided into three parts: fixed losses, variable losses, and stray losses. Variable losses change with load and include stator resistance losses (copper losses), rotor resistance losses, and brush resistance losses. Fixed losses are independent of load and include core losses and mechanical losses. Core losses consist of hysteresis losses and eddy current losses, which are proportional to the square of the voltage; hysteresis losses are also inversely proportional to frequency. Other stray losses include mechanical losses and other losses, such as friction losses in bearings and windage losses caused by the rotation of fans, rotors, etc.

ENGEL ElektroMotoren motor advantages

The motor consists of the motor body and the driver, representing a typical mechatronic product. The stator windings of the motor are mostly configured in a three-phase symmetrical star connection, very similar to three-phase asynchronous motors. The rotor of the motor is bonded with magnetized permanent magnets. To detect the polarity of the motor rotor, position sensors are installed inside the motor. The driver is composed of power electronic devices and integrated circuits. Its functions are: to receive start, stop, and brake signals for the motor to control starting, stopping, and braking; to receive signals from position sensors and forward/reverse signals to control the switching of power transistors in the inverter bridge, generating continuous torque; to receive speed commands and speed feedback signals to control and adjust rotational speed; and to provide protection and display functions, among others.

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