Baumer gmbh motor Germany Baumer gmbh model Baumer gmbh price

Baumer gmbh motor is a discrete value control motor that converts electrical pulse excitation signals into corresponding angular or linear displacement. This motor moves one step for each input electrical pulse, so it is also called a pulse motor. It is a micro special motor that converts electrical pulse signals into angular displacement to control rotor rotation. It serves as an actuator in automatic control devices. For each input pulse signal, the stepper motor advances one step, hence it is also known as a pulse motor. Stepper motors are widely used in peripheral equipment of digital computers, as well as in printers, plotters, and disk drives. The drive power supply of a stepper motor consists of a variable frequency pulse signal source, a pulse distributor, and a pulse amplifier, which provide pulse current to the motor windings. The operating performance of a stepper motor depends on the good coordination between the motor and the drive power supply. The advantages of stepper motors include no cumulative error, simple structure, convenient use and maintenance, low manufacturing cost, and high ability to drive load inertia. They are suitable for small and medium-sized machine tools and applications with low speed and precision requirements. The disadvantages are lower efficiency, significant heat generation, and occasional "step loss".

Baumer gmbh motor working principle

When the stator winding of the motor is connected to the power supply, a rotating magnetic field is generated. Since the magnetic reluctance of the rotor's direct axis magnetic circuit is less than that of the quadrature axis magnetic circuit, and magnetic flux lines always close through the path of least reluctance, the stator magnetic field always attempts to align the rotor's direct axis with the direction of the stator magnetic field. When both the rotor and the stator magnetic field rotate at the synchronous speed n1, if there is no load on the shaft, the rotor's direct axis remains aligned with the stator magnetic field axis. If there is a load on the shaft, the load's resisting torque causes the rotor's direct axis to lag behind the stator magnetic field axis by an angle θ. At this point, the magnetic field is distorted, and the flux lines are stretched. The stretched flux lines attempt to shorten, generating a synchronous electromagnetic torque in the same direction as the rotor's rotation. If the synchronous electromagnetic torque can balance the load torque, the rotor will continue to rotate at synchronous speed; otherwise, the motor will lose synchronism. To improve synchronous electromagnetic torque and power factor, the difference between the direct axis and quadrature axis magnetic reluctances should be increased, i.e., increase the ratio Xd/Xq of direct axis synchronous reactance Xd to quadrature axis synchronous reactance Xq. For this purpose, the rotor can have a salient pole structure, or a non-salient pole structure with reaction slots cut into the rotor (usually filled with non-magnetic metal) to create unequal magnetic reluctances in the quadrature and direct axis magnetic circuits, or a combination of both structures. However, Xd/Xq should not be too large, as excessive values make motor starting more difficult. The synchronous electromagnetic torque of a reluctance motor cannot start the motor, so a squirrel-cage winding must be installed on the rotor. Asynchronous electromagnetic torque is used to start the rotor, and when the speed approaches synchronous speed, the synchronous electromagnetic torque pulls the rotor into synchronism.

Baumer gmbh motor excitation methods

Motor excitation method refers to the method of generating a magnetic field in rotating electrical machines. DC motor excitation methods are divided into four types: separately excited DC motor, shunt excited DC motor, series excited DC motor, and compound excited DC motor. A DC motor in which the field winding has no connection with the armature winding and is supplied by another DC power source is called a separately excited DC motor. Permanent magnet DC motors can also be regarded as separately excited or self-excited DC motors, generally referred to directly as permanent magnet excitation. In a shunt excited DC motor, the field winding is connected in parallel with the armature winding. As a shunt generator, the terminal voltage generated by the motor itself supplies the field winding; as a shunt motor, the field winding and armature share the same power source, and its performance is identical to that of a separately excited DC motor. In a series excited DC motor, the field winding is connected in series with the armature winding, and then connected to the DC power source. The excitation current of this DC motor is the armature current. A compound excited DC motor has two field windings: shunt and series. If the magnetomotive force produced by the series winding is in the same direction as that produced by the shunt winding, it is called cumulative compound excitation. If the two magnetomotive forces are in opposite directions, it is called differential compound excitation. DC motors with different excitation methods have different characteristics. Generally, the main excitation methods for DC motors are shunt, series, and compound, while the main excitation methods for DC generators are separate, shunt, and compound.

Baumer gmbh motor mechanical characteristics

Motor electromagnetic torque: The electromagnetic torque of a three-phase asynchronous motor is generated by the interaction between the flux per pole φm of the rotating magnetic field and the rotor current I2. Since the rotor circuit is inductive, the rotor current I2 lags behind the rotor electromotive force E2. The relationship between torque T, flux φm, and rotor current I2 is T = K TΦI 2 c o s Ψ 2 (1). In formula (1): KT is a constant related to the motor structure, cosΨ 2 is the power factor of the rotor circuit, and the unit of torque T is Newton-meter (N·m). From the above formula, it can be seen that torque T is proportional to F, and also proportional to I 2 cosy 2. From the circuit analysis of the three-phase asynchronous motor, substituting formulas (2), (3), and (4) into formula (1) yields another expression for torque. From formula (5), it can be seen that torque T is also proportional to the square of the phase voltage U1 of the stator winding. Therefore, changes in power supply voltage have a significant impact on torque. In addition, torque T is affected by the rotor resistance R2. Mechanical characteristic curve: The relationship curve between electromagnetic torque and slip ratio is the n=f(T) curve. Although the slip ratio s of an asynchronous motor can reflect the speed n of the motor, it is not very intuitive and is inconvenient to apply. Therefore, mechanical characteristics are usually used to analyze related driving problems. Under constant power supply voltage, the relationship between motor speed and electromagnetic torque is called the mechanical characteristic of the motor. The n = f(T) curve of an asynchronous motor is derived from the T-s curve through coordinate axis transformation. When s = 0, n=1; when s=1, n=0. Taking speed n as the vertical coordinate and torque T as the horizontal coordinate, rotating the T-s curve clockwise by 90° yields the mechanical characteristic curve n = f(T). The purpose of studying mechanical characteristics is to analyze the operating performance of the motor. First, three torques are discussed on the mechanical characteristic curve. Rated torque TN: When the motor rotates at a constant speed, its output torque must balance the resisting torque, which is mainly the mechanical load torque T2. In addition, it includes no-load loss torque (mainly mechanical loss torque) T0. Since T0 is very small and can often be ignored, therefore: T = T2+ T0 ≈ T2. Thus, the electromagnetic torque T of the motor is approximately equal to the output mechanical torque T2 on the motor shaft. That is, in the formula: P2 is the mechanical power output on the motor shaft, with the unit Watt (W); the unit of torque is Newton-meter (N.m); the unit of speed is revolutions per minute (r/rnin). If power is expressed in kilowatts, commonly used in engineering, then: If the mechanical power P2 output on the motor shaft is the rated power P2N, then the output mechanical torque T2 of the motor is the rated torque TN. Maximum torque Tmax. It can be seen that the maximum torque Tmax is proportional to U12 and independent of rotor resistance R2; sm is related to R2, and the larger R2 is, the larger sm becomes. The ratio of the motor's maximum torque Tmax to its rated torque TN is called the overload coefficient, denoted by λ. That is, λ=Tmax/TN represents the motor's short-term overload capability. Generally, λ for three-phase asynchronous motors is between 1.8 and 2.2, while for special motors such as metallurgical and hoisting motors, λ is between 2.2 and 3. It should be pointed out that the motor at TN1. The ratio Kst =Tst/TN of the motor's starting torque Tst to the rated torque TN represents the motor's starting capability. Generally, the Kst value of asynchronous motors is between 1. 4 and 2. 2. Motor operation analysis: When the load torque T2 carried by the motor is less than the starting torque Tst, the motor can start with load. From point c to point b, the motor's torque increases with rising speed, prompting a rapid increase in motor speed. At point b, the torque reaches its maximum value Tmax. After passing point b, the motor's torque decreases with rising speed, but as long as the electromagnetic torque T is greater than the load torque T2, the motor speed continues to rise until T = T2, at which point the motor speed stabilizes. Therefore, the stable operating point of the motor is located at a certain point in the b and a interval of the n = f（T）curve. Hence, the ab region is called the stable operating region. The bc region is the unstable operating region. If the load suddenly increases, or the power supply voltage suddenly drops such that T2>Tmax, the motor speed rapidly decreases, entering the bc segment. The motor's electromagnetic torque decreases with decreasing speed, leading to a rapid stop of the motor. This phenomenon is called stall. After stalling, the current in the motor immediately rises to several times the rated current. If there are no protective measures to cut off the power supply in time, the motor may be burned out.

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