31958 in stock German 31958 electrical components 31958 inventory

31958 electrical component is an electrical control device. It is an electrical appliance that causes a predetermined step change in the controlled variable in the electrical output circuit when the change in the input quantity (excitation quantity) meets specified requirements. It has an interactive relationship between the control system (also known as the input loop) and the controlled system (also known as the output loop). It is usually applied in automated control circuits; it is essentially an "automatic switch" that uses a small current to control the operation of a large current. Therefore, it plays roles such as automatic regulation, safety protection, and circuit switching in the circuit. A relay is an electrical control device that can accept a specified input quantity and maintain it for a sufficient duration to cause a predetermined step change in the controlled variable in the electrical output circuit. When the input quantity drops to a certain level and remains there for a sufficient duration, it returns to its initial state.

31958 electrical component function

The starter solenoid switch is a key component of the starter motor, and the design quality of the solenoid switch directly affects the reliability of the starter motor. The starter solenoid switch has two functions: first, to connect the main circuit to rotate the starter motor; second, to push out the drive gear via the shift fork to engage with the engine flywheel ring gear. Therefore, the solenoid switch is required to have corresponding suction force, corresponding stroke, and contacts capable of reliably switching high currents. Additionally, it is required to minimize volume and weight as much as possible. Based on these characteristics, the contact structure of the solenoid switch generally adopts a contact form, i.e., the moving contact is made into a bridge shape or disc shape to provide a larger heat dissipation surface and thermal capacity. The magnetic system mostly adopts a solenoid electromagnet structure to meet the requirements of corresponding stroke, corresponding suction force, small volume, and light weight. The moving iron core of the solenoid switch can move smoothly within the brass bushing equipped with a solenoid coil. The moving iron core pull rod is connected to the shift fork unidirectional clutch. Under the action of the return spring, the moving iron core normally remains in the non-operating initial position. During starting, the starter drive gear needs to move forward by approximately 12-27mm. Therefore, when the solenoid switch begins to close, a large magnetomotive force is required to generate the necessary initial suction force. After actuation, the air gap decreases, and the electromagnetic suction force increases sharply, greatly exceeding the force required to maintain the closed state. For this reason, the solenoid switch employs two coils (an attraction coil and a holding coil). Initially, both the attraction coil and the holding coil jointly generate electromagnetic suction force. After the switch contacts close, the attraction coil automatically disengages from the operating state, and only the holding coil maintains the switch in the closed state. The holding coil current is relatively small and can be wound with thinner wire, which not only reduces the volume of the solenoid switch but also achieves reasonable suction force matching. To ensure the reliability of the starter motor, emphasis must be placed on controlling the design quality of the solenoid switch.

31958 electrical component function

The main purposes of the disconnecting switch (knife switch) are: 1, used to isolate the power supply, disconnecting high-voltage maintenance equipment from live equipment, creating a clearly visible break point between them. 2, the disconnecting switch cooperates with the circuit breaker to perform switching operations according to the needs of the system operating mode, thereby changing the system wiring configuration. 3, used to connect or disconnect low-current circuits. The disconnecting switch can perform the following operations: pulling and closing bypass currents of closed-loop switches; pulling and closing grounding wires at the transformer neutral point, but if an arc-suppression coil is connected to the neutral point, operation is permitted only when the system is fault-free; pulling and closing voltage transformers and lightning arresters; pulling and closing capacitive currents of busbars and equipment directly connected to the busbars; pulling and closing no-load lines with capacitive currents not exceeding 5 amperes; triple-pole disconnecting switches can pull and close loads with voltages of 10 kilovolts and below and currents below 17 amperes. When operating the disconnecting switch, note that when energizing the line, first close the busbar-side disconnecting switch, then close the line-side disconnecting switch, and finally close the circuit breaker. When de-energizing the line, first open the circuit breaker, then open the disconnecting switch. Do not pull or close high-voltage disconnecting switches under load.

31958 electrical component principle

When two different conductors or semiconductors A and B form a loop with their ends connected together, as long as the temperatures at the two junctions are different, with one end at temperature T (called the working end or hot end) and the other end at temperature T0 (called the free end or cold end), an electromotive force (EMF) will be generated in the loop. The direction and magnitude of this EMF are related to the materials of the conductors and the temperatures of the two junctions. This phenomenon is called the "thermoelectric effect," the loop formed by the two conductors is called a "thermocouple," these two conductors are called "thermoelectrodes," and the generated EMF is called "thermoelectric EMF." The thermoelectric EMF consists of two parts: one is the contact EMF of the two conductors, and the other is the temperature difference EMF of a single conductor. The magnitude of the thermoelectric EMF in a thermocouple loop depends only on the conductor materials composing the thermocouple and the temperatures of the two junctions, and is independent of the shape and dimensions of the thermocouple. Once the materials of the two thermocouple electrodes are fixed, the thermoelectric EMF is a functional difference of the temperatures t and t0 at the two junctions. This relationship is widely applied in practical temperature measurement. Since the cold end t0 is constant, the thermoelectric EMF generated by the thermocouple changes only with the temperature of the hot end (measurement end), meaning a specific thermoelectric EMF corresponds to a specific temperature. We can achieve temperature measurement simply by measuring the thermoelectric EMF. The basic principle of thermocouple temperature measurement is that two homogeneous conductors of different compositions form a closed loop. When a temperature gradient exists between the two ends, current flows through the loop, creating an EMF between the ends—thermoelectric EMF—which is known as the Seebeck effect. The two homogeneous conductors of different compositions serve as thermoelectrodes; the end with the higher temperature is the working end, and the end with the lower temperature is the free end, which is usually maintained at a constant temperature. Based on the functional relationship between thermoelectric EMF and temperature, thermocouple graduation tables are created; these tables are obtained under the condition that the free end temperature is 2 °C, and different thermocouples have different graduation tables. When a third metal material is introduced into the thermocouple loop, as long as the temperatures at the two junctions of this material are the same, the thermoelectric potential generated by the thermocouple remains unchanged, i.e., it is unaffected by the introduction of the third metal into the loop. Therefore, during thermocouple temperature measurement, a measuring instrument can be connected; after measuring the thermoelectric EMF, the temperature of the measured medium can be determined. Thermocouple temperature measurement requires that the temperature of the cold end (the measurement end is the hot end; the end connected to the measurement circuit via lead wires is called the cold end) remains constant, so that the magnitude of the thermoelectric potential maintains a proportional relationship with the measured temperature. If the (ambient) temperature of the cold end changes during measurement, it will seriously affect measurement accuracy. Taking certain measures at the cold end to compensate for the impact caused by cold end temperature changes is called thermocouple cold junction compensation. Special compensation wires are used to connect to the measuring instrument. Thermocouple cold junction compensation calculation methods: (1) From millivolts to temperature: Measure the cold end temperature, convert it to the corresponding millivolt value, add it to the thermocouple's millivolt value, and convert to temperature; (2) From temperature to millivolts: Measure the actual temperature and the cold end temperature, convert them separately to millivolt values, subtract to obtain the millivolt value, and thus determine the temperature.

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