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RSM572-2M electrical component is a current-limiting element. When a resistor is connected in a circuit, its resistance is fixed, typically with two pins, and it limits the current flowing through the branch to which it is connected. A resistor whose resistance cannot be changed is called a fixed resistor. A resistor whose resistance can be varied is called a potentiometer or variable resistor. An ideal resistor is linear, meaning the instantaneous current through the resistor is directly proportional to the applied instantaneous voltage. Variable resistors are used for voltage division. On the exposed resistive body, one or two movable metal contacts are pressed firmly. The contact position determines the resistance between either end of the resistive body and the contact. There is a definite functional relationship between terminal voltage and current. It is a two-terminal device that embodies the ability to convert electrical energy into other forms, represented by the letter R, with the unit ohm (Ω). Actual devices such as light bulbs, heating wires, and resistors can all be represented as resistor elements. The resistance value of a resistive element is generally related to temperature, material, length, and cross-sectional area. The physical quantity that measures the extent to which resistance is affected by temperature is the temperature coefficient, defined as the percentage change in resistance when the temperature increases by 1 °C. The main physical characteristic of a resistor is the conversion of electrical energy into thermal energy; it can also be described as a dissipative element, where current passing through it generates internal energy. Resistors typically serve the functions of voltage division and current shunting in circuits. For signals, both AC and DC signals can pass through a resistor.

RSM572-2M electrical component principle

A photodiode is a semiconductor device that converts optical signals into electrical signals. Its core part is also a PN junction. Compared with ordinary diodes, the structural difference is that, to facilitate the reception of incident light, the PN junction area is made as large as possible, the electrode area is made as small as possible, and the junction depth of the PN junction is very shallow, generally less than 9 micrometers. Photodiodes operate under reverse bias. When there is no illumination, the reverse current is very small, known as dark current. When illuminated, photons carrying energy enter the PN junction and transfer energy to bound electrons in covalent bonds, causing some electrons to break free from the covalent bonds, thereby generating electron-hole pairs, known as photogenerated carriers. Under the action of reverse voltage, they participate in drift motion, causing the reverse current to increase significantly. The greater the light intensity, the larger the reverse current. This characteristic is called "photoconductivity." The current generated by a photodiode under general illumination is called photocurrent. If a load is connected in the external circuit, the load receives an electrical signal, and this electrical signal changes correspondingly with changes in light. Photodiodes are photosensitive devices widely used in electronic circuits. Like ordinary diodes, photodiodes have a PN junction. The difference is that the photodiode housing has a transparent window to receive light irradiation, achieving photoelectric conversion. In circuit diagrams, the text symbol is generally VD.

RSM572-2M electrical component principle

Photoelectric sensors generally consist of 2 parts: processing channels and processing elements. Their basic principle is based on the photoelectric effect, converting changes in the measured quantity into changes in optical signals, and then further converting non-electrical signals into electrical signals with the help of photoelectric components. The photoelectric effect refers to the phenomenon where light irradiating an object can be viewed as a stream of photons with specific energy bombarding the object. At this time, photon energy is transferred to electrons, and the entire energy of one photon is absorbed by one electron at once. After gaining the energy transferred by the photon, the state of the electron changes, thereby generating corresponding electrical effects in the irradiated object. The photoelectric effect is usually divided into 8 categories: ① The phenomenon where electrons escape from the surface of an object under the action of light is called the external photoelectric effect, such as in phototubes and photomultiplier tubes; ② The phenomenon where the resistivity of an object changes under the action of light is called the internal photoelectric effect, such as in photoresistors and phototransistors; ③ The phenomenon where an object generates an electromotive force in a certain direction under the action of light is called the photovoltaic effect, such as in photocells. Photoelectric detection methods offer advantages such as high precision, fast response, and non-contact operation. Moreover, they can measure many parameters, and the sensor structure is simple with flexible and diverse forms. Therefore, photoelectric sensors are widely used in detection and control. Photoelectric sensors are key components for achieving photoelectric conversion in various photoelectric detection systems; they are devices that convert optical signals (visible and ultraviolet laser light) into electrical signals. Photoelectric sensors are sensors that use photoelectric devices as conversion elements. They can be used to detect non-electrical physical quantities that directly cause changes in light quantity, such as light intensity, illuminance, radiation temperature measurement, and gas composition analysis; they can also be used to detect other non-electrical quantities that can be converted into changes in light quantity, such as part diameter, surface roughness, strain, displacement, vibration, speed, acceleration, as well as object shape and working status recognition. Photoelectric sensors feature non-contact operation, fast response, and reliable performance, so they are widely applied in industrial automation equipment and robots. New photoelectric devices continue to emerge, especially the birth of CCD image sensors, which has opened a new chapter for the further application of photoelectric sensors.

RSM572-2M electrical component characteristics

Sensitivity refers to the ratio of the change in output to the change in input when the sensor is in steady-state operation. It is the slope of the output-input characteristic curve. If there is a clear linear relationship between the sensor's output and input, then the sensitivity S is a constant. Otherwise, it will vary with changes in the input. The dimension of sensitivity is the ratio of the dimensions of the output and input quantities. When the dimensions of the sensor's output and input quantities are the same, sensitivity can be understood as the amplification factor. Increasing sensitivity can yield higher measurement precision. However, the higher the sensitivity, the narrower the measurement range, and stability is often poorer.

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