6601590 in stock German 6601590 electrical components 6601590 inventory

6601590 Electrical components are devices that convert other forms of energy into electrical energy and supply it to circuits (electronic devices). Power supplies operate on the principle of electromagnetic induction, generating electricity from renewable sources such as hydropower, wind power, tides, dam water pressure differences, and solar energy, as well as from burning coal and oil residues. A power supply is a device that provides power to electronic equipment, also known as a power supply unit; it provides the electrical energy required by all components in a computer. The magnitude of the power supply's output, and the stability of its current and voltage, directly affect the operating performance and service life of the computer.

6601590 Electrical component applications

The most basic application of a standard thyristor is controlled rectification. The familiar diode rectifier circuit is an uncontrolled rectifier circuit. Replacing the diodes with thyristors creates a controlled rectifier circuit. Taking the simplest single-phase half-wave controlled rectifier circuit as an example: during the positive half-cycle of the sinusoidal AC voltage U2, if there is no input trigger pulse Ug at the gate of VS, VS will not conduct. The thyristor is triggered into conduction only when U2 is in the positive half-cycle and a trigger pulse Ug is applied to the gate. The waveforms (c) and (d) show that voltage UL appears across the load RL only when the trigger pulse Ug arrives. If Ug arrives earlier, the thyristor conducts earlier; if Ug arrives later, the thyristor conducts later. By changing the arrival time of the trigger pulse Ug at the gate, the average value of the output voltage UL across the load can be adjusted. In electrical engineering, half a cycle of AC is often defined as 180°, referred to as the electrical angle. Thus, in each positive half-cycle of U2, the electrical angle elapsed from the zero crossing to the instant the trigger pulse arrives is called the control angle α; the electrical angle during which the thyristor conducts within each positive half-cycle is called the conduction angle θ. Clearly, both α and θ represent the conduction or blocking range of the thyristor during the half-cycle where it withstands forward voltage. By changing the control angle α or the conduction angle θ, the average value UL of the pulsed DC voltage across the load is changed, achieving controlled rectification. Low-power plastic-packaged bidirectional thyristors are typically used in sound- and light-controlled lighting systems. Rated current is less than 3A. Medium- and high-power plastic-packaged and metal-can thyristors are typically used in power-type controlled voltage regulation circuits, such as adjustable-output DC power supplies. High-power, high-frequency thyristors are typically used in industrial applications, such as high-frequency melting furnaces.

6601590 Electrical component principles

Based on different application purposes, various types of thermometers have been designed and manufactured. The design principles include: the thermal expansion and contraction of solids, liquids, and gases under temperature influence; the change in pressure of gas (or vapor) at constant volume due to temperature differences; the thermoelectric effect; the variation of electrical resistance with temperature; and the influence of thermal radiation. 1. Gas thermometer: Hydrogen or helium is often used as the temperature-sensing medium because their liquefaction temperatures are very low, close to absolute zero, resulting in a wide measurement range. This type of thermometer offers high accuracy and is commonly used for precision measurements. 2. Resistance thermometer: Divided into metal resistance thermometers and semiconductor resistance thermometers, both are made based on the characteristic that electrical resistance changes with temperature. Metal thermometers mainly use pure metals such as platinum, gold, copper, and nickel, as well as rhodium-iron and phosphor bronze alloys; semiconductor thermometers mainly use carbon, germanium, etc. Resistance thermometers are convenient and reliable, and are widely used. 3. Thermocouple thermometer: A temperature-measuring instrument widely used in industry. It is made using the thermoelectric effect. Two different metal wires are welded together to form the measuring junction, while the other ends are connected to a measuring instrument to form a circuit. When the measuring junction is placed at the temperature to be measured, a difference in temperature between the measuring junction and the reference junction generates an electromotive force, causing current to flow through the loop. By measuring electrical quantities and knowing the temperature at one point, the temperature at another point can be determined. It is suitable for applications involving large temperature differences between two substances and is often used for high-temperature and cryogenic measurements. 4. Dial thermometer: A thermometer shaped like a dial gauge, also known as a room thermometer, used to measure ambient temperature. It is made based on the principle of thermal expansion and contraction of metals. It uses a bimetallic strip as the sensing element to control the pointer. The bimetallic strip is typically made by riveting a copper strip and an iron strip together, with the copper strip on the left and the iron strip on the right. Since copper exhibits significantly more thermal expansion and contraction than iron, when the temperature rises, the copper strip pulls the iron strip to bend to the right, causing the pointer to deflect to the right (indicating high temperature); conversely, when the temperature drops, the pointer deflects to the left under the drive of the bimetallic strip. 5. Glass tube thermometer: Glass tube thermometers measure temperature based on the principle of thermal expansion and contraction. Due to differences in the expansion coefficients, boiling points, and freezing points of the sensing media, common glass tube thermometers mainly include kerosene thermometers, mercury thermometers, and red ink thermometers. Their advantages are simple structure, ease of use, relatively high measurement accuracy, and low cost. The disadvantages are that the measurement range and accuracy are limited by the quality of the glass and the properties of the sensing medium. Additionally, they cannot transmit signals over long distances and are fragile. 6. Pressure thermometer: Pressure thermometers use the volume expansion or pressure change of liquid, gas, or saturated vapor in a sealed container upon heating as the measurement signal. Its basic structure consists of three parts: a temperature bulb, a capillary tube, and an indicator gauge. The advantages of pressure thermometers are: simple structure, high mechanical strength, and resistance to vibration. They are low-cost and do not require external power. The disadvantages are: limited temperature measurement range; significant heat loss and slow response time. 14. Mercury thermometer is a type of expansion thermometer and can only be used as a local monitoring instrument. Using it to measure temperature is not only simple and intuitive but also avoids the errors associated with remote transmission thermometers.

6601590 Electrical component principles

A DC power supply has two electrodes: positive and negative. The positive electrode has a higher potential, and the negative electrode has a lower potential. When these two electrodes are connected to a circuit, they maintain a constant potential difference between the two ends of the circuit, thereby forming a current from the positive to the negative electrode in the external circuit. A steady water flow cannot be maintained solely by a difference in water levels; however, using a pump to continuously move water from a lower level to a higher level maintains a certain water level difference, forming a steady flow. Similarly, a steady current cannot be maintained solely by the electrostatic field generated by electric charges. With the help of a DC power supply, non-electrostatic forces (referred to as "non-electrostatic force") can move positive charges from the negative electrode (lower potential) back to the positive electrode (higher potential) through the interior of the power supply, maintaining the potential difference between the two electrodes and thus forming a steady current. Therefore, a DC power supply is an energy conversion device that converts other forms of energy into electrical energy to supply the circuit, maintaining the steady flow of current.

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