TET5-7 in stock. German TET5-7 electrical components. TET5-7 inventory.

TET5-7 electrical component is an electronic device with three terminals, made of three semiconductor regions with different doping levels. Charge flow in the transistor is mainly due to the diffusion and drift of carriers at the PN junction. The operation of this transistor involves the flow of both electrons and holes as carriers, so it is called bipolar, also known as a bipolar junction transistor. This mode of operation differs from unipolar transistors such as field-effect transistors, whose operation involves only the drift of a single type of carrier. The boundary between the two regions with different dopants is formed by the PN junction. Bipolar transistors can amplify signals and offer good power control, high-speed operation, and durability, so they are often used to build amplifier circuits or drive devices such as speakers and motors, and are widely applied in aerospace engineering, medical devices, robotics, and other products.

TET5-7 Electrical Component Classification

1. By application: pressure-sensitive and force-sensitive sensors, position sensors, level sensors, energy consumption sensors, speed sensors, acceleration sensors, radiation sensors, thermal sensors. 2. By principle: vibration sensors, humidity sensors, magnetic sensors, gas sensors, vacuum sensors, biosensors, etc. 3. By output signal: (1) Analog sensors convert the measured non-electrical quantity into an analog electrical signal. (2) Digital sensors: convert the measured non-electrical quantity into a digital output signal (including direct and indirect conversion). (3) Quasi-digital sensors: convert the measured signal into a frequency signal or short-period signal output (including direct or indirect conversion). (4) Switch sensors: when a measured signal reaches a specific threshold, the sensor outputs a preset low-level or high-level signal accordingly. 4. By manufacturing process: Integrated sensors are manufactured using standard production processes for silicon-based semiconductor integrated circuits. Usually, part of the circuitry for initial processing of the measured signal is also integrated on the same chip. Thin-film sensors are formed by depositing thin films of corresponding sensitive materials on a dielectric substrate (base). When using hybrid processes, part of the circuitry can also be fabricated on this substrate. Thick-film sensors are made by coating ceramic substrates, usually made of alumina, with pastes of corresponding materials, followed by heat treatment to form the thick film. Ceramic sensors are produced using standard ceramic processes or their variants (sol-gel, etc.). After appropriate preparatory operations, the formed elements are sintered at high temperatures. There are many common characteristics between thick-film and ceramic sensor processes; in some respects, the thick-film process can be considered a variant of the ceramic process. Each process technology has its own advantages and disadvantages. Due to lower capital investment required for research, development, and production, as well as the high stability of sensor parameters, it is more reasonable to use ceramic and thick-film sensors. 5. By measurement objective: Physical sensors are made using properties of the measured substance that undergo significant physical changes. Chemical sensors are made using sensitive elements that can convert chemical quantities such as composition and concentration of chemical substances into electrical quantities. Biological sensors are made using various biological or biomaterial properties to detect and identify chemical components in living organisms. 6. By structure: (1) Basic sensors are the most fundamental single transduction devices. (2) Combined sensors are composed of different single transduction devices. (3) Application-specific sensors are composed of basic or combined sensors combined with other mechanisms. 8. By mode of action: Sensors can be divided into active and passive types based on their mode of action. Active sensors include actuating and reacting types. Such sensors can emit a certain detection signal to the object under test, detect changes produced in the object by the detection signal, or form a signal by generating an effect in the object via the detection signal. Those that detect changes in the detection signal are called actuating type; those that detect responses to form a signal are called reacting type. Radar and radio frequency detectors are examples of actuating types, while photoacoustic effect analysis devices and laser analyzers are examples of reacting types. Passive sensors only receive signals generated by the object itself, such as infrared radiation thermometers and infrared imaging devices.

TET5-7 Electrical Component Principle

Based on different application purposes, various types of thermometers have been designed and manufactured. The design principles include: the phenomenon of thermal expansion and contraction of solids, liquids, and gases under temperature influence; the change in pressure of gas (or vapor) due to temperature differences under constant volume conditions; the thermoelectric effect; the variation of electrical resistance with temperature; and the influence of thermal radiation. 1. Gas thermometer: Hydrogen or helium is often used as the temperature-sensing medium because their liquefaction temperatures are very low, close to absolute zero, resulting in a wide measurement range. This type of thermometer offers high accuracy and is commonly used for precision measurements. 2. Resistance thermometer: Divided into metal resistance thermometers and semiconductor resistance thermometers, both are made based on the characteristic that resistance changes with temperature. Metal thermometers mainly use pure metals such as platinum, gold, copper, and nickel, as well as rhodium-iron and phosphor bronze alloys; semiconductor thermometers primarily use carbon, germanium, etc. Resistance thermometers are convenient and reliable, and have been widely applied. 3. Thermocouple thermometer: A temperature-measuring instrument widely used in industry. It is made using the thermoelectric effect. Two different metal wires are welded together to form the measuring junction, while the other ends are connected to a measuring instrument to form a circuit. When the measuring junction is placed at the location where temperature is to be measured, and there is a temperature difference between the measuring junction and the reference junction, an electromotive force is generated, causing current to flow through the loop. By measuring electrical quantities and knowing the temperature at one point, the temperature at another point can be determined. It is suitable for applications involving large temperature differences between two substances and is often used for high-temperature and low-turbidity measurements. 4. Dial thermometer: A thermometer shaped like a dial gauge, also known as a room thermometer, used to measure ambient temperature. It is made based on the principle of thermal expansion and contraction of metals. It uses a bimetallic strip as the temperature-sensing element to control the pointer. The bimetallic strip is usually made by riveting a copper strip and an iron strip together, with the copper strip on the left and the iron strip on the right. Since copper exhibits significantly more thermal expansion and contraction than iron, when the temperature rises, the copper strip pulls the iron strip to bend to the right, causing the pointer to deflect to the right (indicating high temperature); conversely, when the temperature drops, the pointer deflects to the left under the drive of the bimetallic strip. 5. Glass tube thermometer: Glass tube thermometers utilize the principle of thermal expansion and contraction to measure temperature. Due to differences in the expansion coefficients, boiling points, and freezing points of the sensing media, common glass tube thermometers mainly include kerosene thermometers, mercury thermometers, and red ink thermometers. Their advantages are simple structure, ease of use, relatively high measurement accuracy, and low cost. The disadvantages are that the measurement range and accuracy are limited by the quality of the glass and the properties of the sensing medium. Additionally, they cannot transmit signals over long distances and are fragile. 6. Pressure thermometer: Pressure thermometers use the volume expansion or pressure change of liquid, gas, or saturated vapor in a sealed container upon heating as the measurement signal. Its basic structure consists of three parts: a temperature bulb, a capillary tube, and an indicator gauge. The advantages of pressure thermometers are: simple structure, high mechanical strength, and resistance to vibration. They are low-cost and do not require external power. The disadvantages are: limited temperature measurement range; significant heat loss and slow response time. 17. Mercury thermometer is a type of expansion thermometer and can only be used as a local monitoring instrument. Using it to measure temperature is not only simple and intuitive but also helps avoid errors associated with remote transmission thermometers.

TET5-7 Electrical Component Principle

It is a contactless switching device with relay characteristics that uses semiconductor devices instead of traditional electrical contacts as the switching mechanism. A single-phase solid-state relay is a four-terminal active device, with two input control terminals and two output terminals. Input and output are optically isolated. When a DC or pulse signal is applied to the input terminal reaching a certain current value, the output terminal switches from the off state to the on state. AC solid-state relays are classified by switching method into zero-crossing conduction type and random conduction type; by output switching element into triac output type and anti-parallel SCR type. By installation method, they are divided into pin-type for printed circuit boards and chassis-mounted type fixed on metal baseplates. Solid-state relays can be classified by triggering form into zero-voltage type and phase-control type.

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