103044814 in stock German 103044814 electrical components 103044814 inventory

103044814 electrical components are constituent parts of electronic components and small electrical machines and instruments. They often consist of several parts and are interchangeable within similar products. The term commonly refers to certain parts used in the electrical, radio, and instrumentation industries. In practice, electronic components is the collective term for both components and devices.

103044814 electrical component classification

① The PN junction of a point-contact diode has a small contact area, preventing it from passing large forward currents or withstanding high reverse voltages. However, it offers good high-frequency performance and is suitable for use in high-frequency detection circuits and switching circuits. ② The PN junction of a surface-contact diode has a large contact area, allowing it to pass larger currents and withstand higher reverse voltages, making it suitable for use in rectifier circuits. ③ For planar diodes used as switching transistors in pulse digital circuits, the PN junction area is small; when used for high-power rectification, the PN junction area is larger. ④ A Zener diode is a special type of surface-contact silicon semiconductor diode that provides voltage stabilization. The main difference between a Zener diode and a standard diode is that the Zener diode operates in the reverse breakdown state of its PN junction. By implementing process controls during manufacturing and limiting the magnitude of the reverse current during use, it is ensured that the Zener diode will not be damaged by overheating while in reverse breakdown. Unlike standard diodes, the reverse breakdown of a Zener diode is reversible. As long as the current does not exceed the allowable value for the Zener diode, the PN junction will not overheat and fail. When the external reverse voltage is removed, the Zener diode restores its original performance, giving it excellent repetitive breakdown characteristics. ⑤ A photodiode, also known as a photosensitive diode, features a glass window on its casing to facilitate light reception. Its characteristic is that when light strikes its PN junction, electron-hole pairs are generated, increasing the concentration of minority carriers in the semiconductor. Under a certain reverse bias voltage, this causes the reverse current to increase. Consequently, the reverse current increases linearly with increasing light intensity. In the absence of light, the volt-ampere characteristics of a photodiode are identical to those of a standard diode. Photodiodes serve as light-controlled components in various applications such as object detection, photoelectric control, and automatic alarms. When manufactured as large-area photodiodes, they can function as an energy source and are referred to as solar cells. In this configuration, they do not require an external power supply and can directly convert light energy into electrical energy. ⑥ A light-emitting diode is a solid-state semiconductor display device that directly converts electrical energy into light energy, abbreviated as LED. Similar to a standard diode, a light-emitting diode consists of a PN junction. The PN junction of an LED is encapsulated in a transparent plastic housing, available in shapes such as square, rectangular, and round. Light-emitting diodes offer advantages including low drive voltage, low operating current, strong resistance to vibration and shock, small size, high reliability, low power consumption, and long service life, making them widely used in signal indication circuits. In electronic technology, common numeric displays utilize LEDs. The principle of a light-emitting diode is opposite to that of a photodiode. When an LED is forward-biased and current passes through it, it emits light due to the energy released during the direct recombination of electrons and holes. Its spectral range is relatively narrow, with the wavelength determined by the base material used.

103044814 electrical component structure

Inductors generally consist of a bobbin, winding, shielding cover, encapsulation material, and a magnetic core or iron core. 1, Bobbin: The bobbin refers to the support structure for winding the coil. Most large fixed inductors or adjustable inductors (such as oscillator coils and choke coils) involve winding enameled wire (or silk-covered wire) around the bobbin, then inserting a magnetic core, copper core, or iron core into the bobbin's interior to increase inductance. Bobbins are typically made of plastic, bakelite, or ceramic and can be formed into various shapes according to actual requirements. Small inductors (such as color-code inductors) generally do not use a bobbin but instead wind the enameled wire directly onto the magnetic core. Air-core inductors (also known as formless coils or air coils, often used in high-frequency circuits) do not use a magnetic core, bobbin, or shielding cover. Instead, they are wound on a mold which is then removed, leaving the coil turns spaced at a certain distance. 2, Winding: The winding refers to a set of coils with specified functions and is the basic component of an inductor. Windings are classified into single-layer and multi-layer types. Single-layer windings come in two forms: close-wound (where each turn of wire is adjacent to the next) and space-wound (where a specific distance is maintained between each turn). Multi-layer windings include layered flat winding, random winding, and honeycomb winding, among others. 3, Magnetic Core and Magnetic Rod: Magnetic cores and rods are generally made of materials such as nickel-zinc ferrite or manganese-zinc ferrite. They come in various shapes, including "I" shape, cylindrical, cap shape, "E" shape, and pot core shape. 4, Iron Core: Iron core materials mainly include silicon steel sheets and permalloy, with shapes mostly being "E" type. 5, Shielding Cover: To prevent the magnetic field generated by some inductors during operation from affecting other circuits and components, a metal shielding cover is added (such as for oscillator coils in semiconductor radios). Using a shielding cover increases coil losses and reduces the Q value. 16, Encapsulation Material: Some inductors (such as color-code inductors and color-ring inductors) are sealed after winding, with the coil and magnetic core enclosed in encapsulation material such as plastic or epoxy resin.

103044814 electrical component structure

1. Liquid crystal panel: The liquid crystal panel includes a polarizing film, glass substrates, black matrix, color filters, protective film, common electrodes, alignment layer, liquid crystal layer (liquid crystal, spacers, sealant), capacitors, display electrodes, prism layer, and diffuser layer. The polarizing film is also known as a polarizer; polarizers are divided into upper and lower polarizers. The polarization functions of the upper and lower polarizers are perpendicular to each other. They act like a fence, blocking light wave components as required—for example, blocking light wave components perpendicular to the polarizer fence while only allowing light wave components parallel to the fence to pass through. 2. Glass substrate: In liquid crystal displays, glass substrates are divided into upper and lower substrates. Their main function is to hold the liquid crystal material in the space between the two substrates. The material for glass substrates is generally alkali-free borosilicate glass with excellent mechanical properties, heat resistance, and chemical corrosion resistance. For TFT-LCD, one glass substrate is distributed with TFT, while the other glass substrate is deposited with color filters. 3. Black matrix: The black matrix uses highly light-shielding materials to separate the red, green, and blue primary colors in the color filters (to prevent color mixing) and to prevent light leakage, thereby improving the contrast of each color block. Additionally, in TFT-LCD, the black matrix can conceal internal electrode wiring or thin-film transistors. Color filters, also known as color filter films, function to generate 3 primary colors of light (red, green, and blue), enabling full-color display on the liquid crystal display. 4. Alignment film: The alignment film, also known as an orientation film or alignment layer, functions to ensure that liquid crystal molecules are uniformly arranged and oriented at the microscopic level. 5. Transparent electrodes: Transparent electrodes are divided into common electrodes and pixel electrodes. The input signal voltage is applied between the pixel electrodes and the common electrodes. Transparent electrodes are typically formed by depositing indium tin oxide (ITO) material on glass substrates to create a transparent conductive layer. 6. Liquid crystal material: In LCD, the liquid crystal material acts like a light valve, controlling the brightness of transmitted light to achieve information display. 7. Driver IC: The driver IC is essentially a set of integrated circuit chip devices used to adjust and control the phase, peak value, frequency, and other parameters of the potential signals on the transparent electrodes, establishing a driving electric field to ultimately realize information display on the liquid crystal panel. In liquid crystal panels, active-matrix liquid crystal displays are constructed by sealing twisted nematic (TN) liquid crystal material between two glass substrates. The upper glass substrate (closer to the display screen) is deposited with red, green, and blue (RGB) color filters (also known as color filter films), a black matrix, and common transparent electrodes. The lower glass substrate (the substrate farther from the display screen) is equipped with thin-film transistor (TFT) devices, transparent pixel electrodes, storage capacitors, gate lines, signal lines, etc. Alignment films (or alignment layers) are prepared on the inner sides of both glass substrates to orient the liquid crystal molecules. Liquid crystal material is injected between the two glass substrates, and spacers are dispersed to ensure uniform gap thickness. The periphery is bonded with frame sealant for sealing purposes, and the common electrodes of the upper and lower glass substrates are connected using silver dot adhesive process. Polarizers (or polarizing films) are attached to the outer sides of the upper and lower glass substrates, respectively. When a voltage is applied between the pixel transparent electrodes and the common transparent electrodes, the arrangement state of the liquid crystal molecules changes. Consequently, the intensity of incident light passing through the liquid crystal also changes. Liquid crystal displays leverage the optical rotation property of liquid crystal materials combined with electric field control to achieve information display. 8. Backlight module: LCD products are non-emissive electronic devices that do not possess inherent light-emitting characteristics. They rely on light emission from the source within the backlight module to achieve display performance; therefore, the brightness of LCD is determined by its backlight module. Thus, the performance of the backlight module directly impacts the display quality of the liquid crystal panel. The backlight module includes illumination sources, reflectors, light guide plates, diffuser sheets, brightness enhancement films (prism sheets), and frames. Backlight modules used in LCD are mainly categorized into edge-lit backlight modules and direct-lit backlight modules. Mobile phones, laptops, and monitors (15 inches) primarily use edge-lit backlight modules, while LCD TVs mostly use direct-lit backlight module light sources. Cold cathode fluorescent lamps and light-emitting diodes serve as the main backlight sources for LCD. 9. Reflector: The reflector, also known as a reflection cover, mainly functions to direct all light emitted by the source into the light guide plate, minimizing unnecessary loss as much as possible. 1. Light guide plate: The main function of the light guide plate is to guide light from the side-mounted light source toward the front of the panel. 11. Prism sheet: The prism sheet, also known as a brightness enhancement film, mainly functions to concentrate scattered light through refraction and total internal reflection within the film layer, emitting it from the backlight source at specific angles to achieve a screen brightening effect.22. Diffusion Sheet: The main function of the diffusion sheet is to correct the edge-lit light from the backlight module into a uniform surface light source, achieving optical diffusion. Diffusion sheets are categorized into upper and lower diffusion sheets. The upper diffusion sheet is located between the prism sheet and the LCD assembly, closer to the display panel. The lower diffusion sheet is located between the light guide plate and the prism sheet, closer to the backlight source.

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