Allied TelSis electrical components Germany Allied TelSis models Allied TelSis prices

Allied TelSis electrical components are resistive devices with nonlinear voltage-current characteristics, primarily used for voltage clamping when circuits experience overvoltage, absorbing excess current to protect sensitive components. The resistive body material of varistors is semiconductor, making them a type of semiconductor resistor. The widely used "zinc oxide" varistors are composed of divalent zinc and hexavalent oxygen. Therefore, from a materials perspective, zinc oxide varistors are a type of "II-VI group oxide semiconductor." In Taiwan, China, varistors are called "surge absorbers," sometimes also referred to as "electric shock (surge) suppressors (absorbers)." Varistors are voltage-limiting protection devices. Utilizing the nonlinear characteristics of varistors, when overvoltage appears across the two poles of a varistor, it can clamp the voltage to a relatively fixed value, thereby protecting downstream circuits. Main parameters of varistors include: varistor voltage, current handling capacity, junction capacitance, response time, etc. The response time of varistors is ns level, faster than gas discharge tubes, but slightly slower than TVS tubes. Generally, their response speed meets the requirements for overvoltage protection in electronic circuits. The junction capacitance of varistors is typically in the range of hundreds to thousands of Pf, making them often unsuitable for direct application in high-frequency signal line protection. When applied in AC circuit protection, their larger junction capacitance increases leakage current, which must be fully considered in protection circuit design. Varistors have a large current handling capacity, but smaller than that of gas discharge tubes. Varistors, abbreviated as VDR, are voltage-sensitive nonlinear overvoltage protection semiconductor components.

Allied TelSis electrical component principles

The alternating current generated by automotive alternators is rectified into direct current by rectifiers, but its waveform still exhibits irregular fluctuations, directly affecting the accuracy of vehicle ignition; the output voltage cannot remain relatively constant, causing differences in spark plug ignition energy each time, which easily leads to engine vibration, gear shift jerkiness, slow and weak acceleration, unstable idle speed, and low efficiency of automotive air conditioning. This significantly reduces the performance and service life of onboard electrical equipment; coupled with the aging of electrical systems in older vehicles and increased circuit resistance, the impact on vehicles becomes increasingly apparent. The role of electronic rectifiers is to help eliminate noise interference in vehicles, stabilize output voltage, improve the instantaneous discharge capability of the power system, increase torque output, accelerate throttle response, extend battery life, shorten engine start-up time, and improve ignition efficiency, especially noticeable in small-displacement vehicles. Semiconductor PN junctions conduct large currents under forward bias and very small currents under reverse bias. Rectifier diodes utilize this unidirectional conductivity of the PN junction to convert alternating current into direct current; they are a type of PN junction diode. Devices with current capacities below 1 amperes are typically called rectifier diodes, while those above 7 amperes are called rectifiers. Common semiconductor rectifiers include silicon rectifiers and selenium rectifiers, available in many specifications, with voltages ranging from tens to thousands of volts and currents from several amperes to thousands of amperes. Rectifiers are widely used in various forms of rectified power supplies. High-power rectified power supplies require rectifiers with large current capacity, high breakdown voltage, and good heat dissipation performance. However, such devices have large junction areas and large junction capacitance, resulting in very low operating frequencies, generally below tens of kilohertz. Silicon material has a wide bandgap and good thermal conductivity, making it suitable for manufacturing high-power rectification devices. High-voltage silicon stacks are often used in high-voltage rectification installations; they consist of multiple rectifier die connected in series, with their reverse withstand voltage determined by the withstand voltage of the die and the number of series-connected die, reaching maximum withstand voltages of hundreds of kilovolts. If high-frequency rectification circuits are used at very high frequencies, when the period of the alternating voltage is comparable to the recovery time from the on-state to the off-state of the rectifier, the rectifier no longer performs rectification on high-frequency voltage. To adapt to high-frequency operation, gold doping is typically employed in silicon rectifiers to shorten the lifetime of injected minority carriers, thereby reducing recovery time. To reduce the possibility of damage due to overvoltage breakdown and improve the reliability of rectification devices, silicon avalanche rectifiers can be used. In such devices, when the reverse voltage exceeds the allowable peak value, uniform avalanche breakdown occurs across the entire PN junction, allowing the device to operate under high voltage and high current, thus withstanding considerable reverse surge power. Manufacturing such devices requires materials with few defects, uniform resistivity, flat junction surfaces, and appropriate protection of exposed junction areas to prevent surface breakdown. Selenium rectifiers have high overload capacity and strong ability to withstand reverse surge power. In the two basic types of rectifiers based on high-power diodes or thyristors, high-voltage alternating current power from the grid is converted into direct current power by the rectifier.

Allied TelSis electrical component parameters

Rated voltage: refers to the safe voltage allowed during normal switch operation. Applying a voltage greater than this value across the switch terminals will cause arcing and breakdown between the two contacts. Rated current: refers to the maximum safe current allowed to pass through when the switch is closed; exceeding this value will burn out the switch contacts due to excessive current. Insulation resistance: refers to the resistance value between the conductive part and the insulating part of the switch. Contact resistance: refers to the resistance value between each pair of contacts when the switch is in the open state. Withstand voltage: refers to the highest voltage the switch can withstand between conductors and ground. Life: refers to the number of operations the switch can perform under normal working conditions.

Allied TelSis electrical component applications

Light-emitting diodes are widely used in many fields. The following outlines their main applications: (1) Applications in consumer electronics: Light-emitting diodes are generally used as backlight sources for screens or for display and lighting purposes in electronic products. From large LCD TVs and computer monitors to media players MP3, MP4, and mobile phone displays, light-emitting diodes are used as screen backlights. (2) Applications in automobiles and heavy machinery: Light-emitting diodes are extensively used in automobiles and heavy machinery. Turn signals, interior lighting, instrument panel lighting, headlights, indicator lights, brake lights, and tail lights in automobiles and heavy mechanical equipment all utilize light-emitting diodes. This is primarily because light-emitting diodes offer fast response times and long service life (the lifespan of a light-emitting diode is generally longer than that of automobiles and heavy machinery). (3) Applications in coal mines: Due to characteristics such as high efficiency, low energy consumption, long lifespan, and high luminous intensity compared to conventional light-emitting devices, light-emitting diodes are used in miner's lamps and underground lighting equipment. Although not yet fully widespread, they will soon see extensive adoption, and light-emitting diodes will replace conventional light-emitting devices in coal mining applications. (4) Urban decorative lighting: In today's bustling commercial era, neon lights are an important symbol of urban prosperity, but they have many drawbacks, such as insufficient lifespan. Therefore, replacing neon lights with light-emitting diodes offers many advantages. Compared to neon lights, light-emitting diodes not only have a longer lifespan but also feature energy savings, simple drive and control requirements, and maintenance-free operation. The replacement of neon lights by light-emitting diodes is an inevitable trend in the development of lighting equipment.

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