Arcol electrical components Germany Arcol models Arcol prices

Arcol electrical components are constituent parts of electronic components and small machines and instruments. They often consist of several parts and are interchangeable within similar product categories. The term commonly refers to certain parts in the electrical appliance, radio, and instrumentation industries, serving as a general term for electronic devices such as capacitors, transistors, hairsprings, and mainsprings. Common examples include diodes. Electronic components include: resistors, capacitors, inductors, potentiometers, electron tubes, heat sinks, electromechanical components, connectors, discrete semiconductor devices, electroacoustic devices, laser devices, electronic display devices, optoelectronic devices, sensors, power supplies, switches, micro-special motors, electronic transformers, relays, printed circuit boards, integrated circuits, various circuits, piezoelectric materials, crystals, quartz, ceramic magnetic materials, substrate base materials for printed circuits, special materials for electronic functional processes, electronic adhesive (tape) products, electronic chemical materials and parts, etc.

Arcol electrical component principles

The forward characteristic of the volt-ampere characteristic curve of a Zener diode is similar to that of an ordinary diode. In the reverse characteristic, when the reverse voltage is lower than the reverse breakdown voltage, the reverse resistance is very high and the reverse leakage current is extremely small. However, when the reverse voltage approaches the critical value of the reverse voltage, the reverse current increases suddenly, a phenomenon known as breakdown. At this critical breakdown point, the reverse resistance drops suddenly to a very small value. Although the current varies over a wide range, the voltage across the diode remains basically stable near the breakdown voltage, thereby achieving the voltage stabilization function of the diode.

Arcol electrical component principles

In addition to the function of converting optical signals into electrical signals like a photodiode, a phototransistor also has the function of amplifying electrical signals. The appearance of a phototransistor is not much different from that of a general transistor. Generally, a phototransistor only leads out two terminals—the emitter and the collector—while the base is not led out. The tube shell also has an opening to allow light to enter. To increase light exposure, the base region area is made large, while the emitter region is small, so that incident light is mainly absorbed by the base region. During operation, the collector junction is reverse-biased, and the emitter junction is forward-biased. When there is no light illumination, the current flowing through the tube is the dark current Iceo = (1 + β) Icbo (very small), which is smaller than the penetration current of a general transistor; when there is light illumination, a large number of electron-hole pairs are excited, causing the current generated at the base Ib to increase. The current flowing through the tube at this moment is called the photocurrent, and the emitter current Ie = (8 + β) Ib. It can be seen that the phototransistor has higher sensitivity than the photodiode.

Arcol electrical component structure

1. The cathode of an electron tube is the component used to emit electrons, divided into oxide cathodes and thoriated tungsten carbide cathodes. Generally, oxide cathodes are indirectly heated; they use a dedicated filament to heat the cathode body coated with barium oxide, etc., for thermionic emission. Thoriated tungsten carbide cathodes are generally directly heated; thermionic emission is produced simply by heating, so it serves as both the filament and the cathode. Theoretically, thoriated tungsten carbide cathodes have a much longer lifespan than oxide cathodes. Thoriated tungsten carbide cathodes are most widely used in high-power transmitting tubes, while oxide cathodes are generally used in transmitting tubes with an output power of 1kW or less. Mesh cathodes are made into a cylindrical shape using thinner thoriated tungsten wires. Their advantages are: (1) Because they are woven from many thoriated tungsten wires, they have a larger conduction coefficient. (2) It is easy to achieve a smaller cathode-grid spacing, which helps improve transconductance. (3) Because the filament has a mesh structure, the current in a single filament wire is small, the local magnetic field is weak, and thus the hum generated by the cathode current is also small. 2. The grids of an electron tube are divided into first grid and second grid according to their different roles in the tube, sometimes also called control grid and screen grid. The main role of the first grid is to control the cathode current, while the role of the second grid is to shield the influence of the plate on the first grid. The grid structure relates to its own mechanical strength and heat dissipation effect, and determines whether the tube can work stably. To reduce the electron transit time, the grid-cathode spacing is made very short, even less than 1mm, so manufacturers mostly use materials with high mechanical strength, high thermal conductivity, good radiation coefficient, and high melting point to make the grids, to avoid thermal contact between electrodes at such small spacings. The first grid and second grid should be strictly aligned, so that the screen grid captures fewer electrons, reducing screen grid dissipation, improving current distribution, and enhancing linearity. 11. The anode of an electron tube is the electrode that collects most of the electrons emitted by the cathode. When the electron tube is working, due to electron bombardment of the plate surface and thermal radiation from other electrodes, a large amount of heat energy is generated at the plate. Since the power dissipation density of the plate is tens to hundreds of watts per square centimeter, natural radiation or conductive cooling cannot handle such high power density. Therefore, forced cooling methods must be used. Common methods include air cooling, water cooling, and evaporative cooling.

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