BOHEMIADESIGN electrical components Germany BOHEMIADESIGN model BOHEMIADESIGN price

BOHEMIADESIGN electrical components refer to an electrical device that disconnects the circuit by melting the fusible element with the heat generated by itself when the current exceeds the specified value. A fuse is a current protection device made based on the principle that when the current exceeds the specified value for a period of time, the heat generated by itself melts the fusible element, thereby disconnecting the circuit. Fuses are widely used in high and low voltage distribution systems, control systems, and electrical equipment as short-circuit and overcurrent protectors, and are one of the most commonly used protective devices. It is an electrical device that uses a metal conductor as the fusible element connected in series in the circuit. When overload or short-circuit current passes through the fusible element, it melts due to its own heating, thereby breaking the circuit. The fuse has a simple structure and is easy to use. It is widely used in power systems, various electrical equipment, and household appliances as a protective device.

BOHEMIADESIGN electrical component principle

Generators can convert mechanical energy into electrical energy, and dry cells can convert chemical energy into electrical energy. Generators and batteries themselves are not charged; their two poles have positive and negative charges respectively, generating voltage from these charges (current is formed by the directional movement of charges under the action of voltage). Charges are inherently present in conductors; to generate current, only voltage needs to be applied. When a conductor is connected to the two poles of a battery, positive and negative charges are released to generate current. When the charges are exhausted, the charge flow (and voltage) disappears. Dry cells and the like are called power sources. A device that converts alternating current into direct current through transformers and rectifiers is called a rectified power supply. Electronic devices that can provide signals are called signal sources. Crystal transistors can amplify the signal sent from the previous stage and transmit the amplified signal to the subsequent circuit. For the subsequent circuit, the crystal transistor can also be regarded as a signal source. Rectified power supplies and signal sources are sometimes also called power sources.

BOHEMIADESIGN electrical component performance

(1) Electromotive force: Electromotive force is the difference between the equilibrium electrode potentials of the two electrodes. (2) Rated capacity: The theoretical capacity of a battery can be precisely calculated based on the amount of active material of the electrode in the battery reaction equation and the electrochemical equivalent of the active material calculated according to Faraday's law. Due to possible side reactions in the battery and special design requirements, the actual capacity of the battery is often lower than the theoretical capacity. (3) Rated voltage: The typical working voltage of a battery at room temperature, also known as nominal voltage. It serves as a reference when selecting different types of batteries. The actual working voltage of a battery varies with different operating conditions and equals the difference between the equilibrium electrode potentials of the positive and negative electrodes. It is related only to the type of active material of the electrodes, not to the quantity of active material. Battery voltage is essentially DC voltage, but under certain special conditions, phase changes in metal crystals or certain formation films caused by electrode reactions may cause slight voltage fluctuations, a phenomenon known as noise. The amplitude of the fluctuation is very small, but the frequency range is very wide, so it can be distinguished from self-excited noise in the circuit. (4) Open-circuit voltage: The terminal voltage of a battery in an open-circuit state is called the open-circuit voltage. The open-circuit voltage of a battery equals the difference between the electrode potential of the positive electrode and the electrode potential of the negative electrode when the battery is in an open circuit (i.e., no current flows through the two poles). The open-circuit voltage of a battery is denoted by V. The open-circuit voltage of a battery is generally less than its electromotive force. This is because the electrode potentials established by the two poles in the electrolyte solution are usually not equilibrium electrode potentials, but stable electrode potentials. Generally, it can be approximated that the open-circuit voltage of a battery is its electromotive force. (5) Internal resistance: The internal resistance of a battery refers to the resistance encountered when current flows through the interior of the battery. It includes ohmic internal resistance and polarization internal resistance; polarization internal resistance further includes electrochemical polarization internal resistance and concentration polarization internal resistance. Due to the existence of internal resistance, the working voltage of a battery is always less than the electromotive force or open-circuit voltage of the battery. The internal resistance of a battery is not constant; it changes continuously (gradually increasing) over time during charging and discharging processes because the composition of active materials, the concentration of the electrolyte, and the temperature are constantly changing. Ohmic internal resistance obeys Ohm's law. Polarization internal resistance increases with increasing current density, but the relationship is not linear; it often increases with increasing current density. Internal resistance is an important indicator determining battery performance; it directly affects the working voltage, working current, output energy, and power of the battery. For a battery, the smaller the internal resistance, the better. (6) Impedance: Batteries have a large electrode-electrolyte interface area, so a battery can be equivalent to a series circuit of a large capacitor, a small resistor, and an inductor. However, the actual situation is much more complex, especially since the impedance of a battery changes with time and DC level. The measured impedance is only valid for the specific measurement state. (7) Charge/discharge rate: There are two representation methods: hour rate and C-rate. The hour rate is the charge/discharge rate expressed in terms of charge/discharge time, numerically equal to the rated capacity of the battery (ampere-hours) divided by the specified charge/discharge current (amperes), resulting in hours. The C-rate is another way to express the charge/discharge rate, and its value is the reciprocal of the hour rate. The discharge rate of a primary battery is expressed by the time it takes to discharge through a fixed resistor to the cutoff voltage. The discharge rate has a significant impact on battery performance. (8) Service life: Storage life refers to the maximum allowable storage time from the manufacture of the battery to the start of use, measured in years. The total period including the storage period and the usage period is called the validity period of the battery. The storage life of batteries is divided into dry storage life and wet storage life. Cycle life is the maximum number of charge/discharge cycles that a rechargeable battery can achieve under specified conditions. When specifying cycle life, the charge/discharge cycle test regime must also be specified, including charge/discharge rate, depth of discharge, and ambient temperature range. (9) Self-discharge rate: The rate at which a battery loses its capacity spontaneously during storage. It is expressed as the percentage of the capacity lost due to self-discharge per unit storage time relative to the capacity before storage.

BOHEMIADESIGN electrical component characteristics

Solid-state relays are contactless electronic switches with isolation functions. There are no mechanical contact parts during the switching process. Therefore, in addition to having the same functions as electromagnetic relays, solid-state relays also feature logic circuit compatibility, vibration and mechanical shock resistance, unrestricted installation position, good moisture-proof, mildew-proof, and corrosion-resistant performance, excellent performance in explosion-proof and ozone pollution prevention, low input power, high sensitivity, low control power, good electromagnetic compatibility, low noise, and high operating frequency. Solid-state relays have no mechanical parts internally and adopt a potting fully sealed structure. Therefore, solid-state relays have advantages such as vibration resistance, corrosion resistance, long service life, and high reliability. AC solid-state relays adopt zero-crossing triggering technology, have short switching times, and can be applied in higher frequency occasions. Photoelectric isolation is used between the input circuit and the output circuit, input power consumption is very low, the output terminal has a protection circuit, and the load capacity is strong.

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