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br network electrical components are electrical control devices. When the change in the input quantity (excitation quantity) meets specified requirements, they cause a predetermined step change in the controlled quantity in the electrical output circuit. They have an interactive relationship between the control system (also known as the input circuit) and the controlled system (also known as the output circuit). Typically applied in automated control circuits, they essentially function as "automatic switches" that use small currents to control the operation of large currents. Therefore, they play roles in automatic regulation, safety protection, and circuit switching in circuits. A relay is an electrical control device that can accept a specified input quantity and maintain it for a sufficient duration to cause a predetermined step change in the controlled quantity in the electrical output circuit. When the input quantity drops to a certain level and is maintained for a sufficient duration, it returns to its initial state.

br network electrical component structure

The simplest switch has two pieces of metal called "contacts." When the two contacts touch, they form a current loop; when they do not touch, the current path is open. When selecting contact metals, their resistance to corrosion must be considered, because most metals form insulating oxides after oxidation, preventing the contacts from working properly. Selecting contact metals also requires considering factors such as electrical conductivity, hardness, mechanical strength, cost, and toxicity. Corrosion-resistant metals are sometimes plated onto the contacts. Plating is generally applied to the contact surfaces to avoid performance degradation due to oxides. Sometimes non-metallic conductive materials, such as conductive plastics, are used for the contact surfaces. In addition to contacts, switches have movable parts that make or break the contact. Switches can be classified into lever switches, push-button switches, rocker switches, etc., based on the different movable parts, and the movable parts can also be other types of mechanical linkages.

br network electrical component principle

Inductance is the ratio of the magnetic flux in a conductor to the current producing this flux, where alternating current flowing through the conductor generates alternating magnetic flux inside and around it. When direct current flows through an inductor, only fixed magnetic field lines appear around it, not changing with time; however, when alternating current flows through a coil, magnetic field lines that change with time appear around it. Analyzing according to Faraday's law of electromagnetic induction—magnetism generating electricity—changing magnetic field lines produce an induced electromotive force at both ends of the coil, which acts like a "new power source." When a closed loop is formed, this induced electromotive force generates an induced current. According to Lenz's law, the total magnetic flux generated by the induced current attempts to oppose the change in the original magnetic flux. Since the change in the original magnetic flux originates from changes in the external alternating power source, objectively, the inductor coil has the characteristic of opposing changes in current in an AC circuit. Inductor coils have characteristics similar to inertia in mechanics, named "self-induction" in electrical engineering. Sparks often occur at the instant of opening or closing a knife switch, which is caused by the high induced electromotive force generated by the self-induction phenomenon.

br network electrical component composition

A two-terminal electronic component made of resistive material, with a specific structural form, that limits current flow in a circuit. Those with unchangeable resistance values are called fixed resistors. Those with variable resistance values are called potentiometers or variable resistors. An ideal resistor is linear, meaning the instantaneous current through the resistor is proportional to the applied instantaneous voltage. Some special resistors, such as thermistors, varistors, and sensitive elements, have a non-linear relationship between voltage and current. Resistors are the most numerous components used in electronic circuits, typically forming different series based on power and resistance values for circuit designers to select. In circuits, resistors are mainly used to adjust and stabilize current and voltage, acting as shunts and voltage dividers, and also as circuit matching loads. Depending on circuit requirements, they can also be used for negative or positive feedback in amplifier circuits, voltage-current conversion, voltage or current protection during input overload, and can form RC circuits serving as oscillation, filtering, bypass, differentiation, integration, and time constant elements.

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