DEVI electrical components Germany DEVI model DEVI price

DEVI electrical component is a photodetector that converts light into current or voltage signals depending on the mode of use. The die often uses a photosensitive PN junction, which is highly sensitive to changes in light, exhibits unidirectional conductivity, and changes its electrical characteristics with different light intensities; therefore, the current in the circuit can be changed by varying the light intensity. Photodiodes are also called photoelectric diodes. Photodiodes are similar in structure to semiconductor diodes; their die is a photosensitive PN junction with unidirectional conductivity, so a reverse voltage must be applied during operation. In the absence of light, there is a very small saturated reverse leakage current, known as dark current, at which point the photodiode is cut off. When exposed to light, the saturated reverse leakage current increases significantly, forming a photocurrent that varies with the intensity of the incident light. When light irradiates the PN junction, it generates electron-hole pairs in the PN junction, increasing the density of minority carriers. These carriers drift under reverse voltage, causing the reverse current to increase. Therefore, the current in the circuit can be changed by varying the light intensity.

DEVI electrical component characteristics

Sensitivity refers to the ratio of the change in output to the change in input of a sensor under steady-state operating conditions. It is the slope of the output-input characteristic curve. If the relationship between the sensor's output and input is linear, then the sensitivity S is a constant. Otherwise, it will vary with changes in the input quantity. The dimension of sensitivity is the ratio of the dimensions of the output and input quantities. When the dimensions of the sensor's output and input quantities are the same, sensitivity can be understood as the amplification factor. Increasing sensitivity can yield higher measurement accuracy. However, the higher the sensitivity, the narrower the measurement range, and stability is often poorer.

DEVI electrical component classification

1. By application: pressure-sensitive and force-sensitive sensors, position sensors, level sensors, energy consumption sensors, speed sensors, acceleration sensors, radiation sensors, thermal sensors. 2. By principle: vibration sensors, humidity-sensitive sensors, magnetic-sensitive sensors, gas-sensitive sensors, vacuum degree sensors, biosensors, etc. 3. By output signal: (1) Analog sensors convert measured non-electrical quantities into analog electrical signals. (2) Digital sensors: convert measured non-electrical quantities into digital output signals (including direct and indirect conversion). (3) Pseudo-digital sensors: convert the measured signal quantity into frequency signals or short-period signal outputs (including direct or indirect conversion). (4) Switch sensors: when a measured signal reaches a specific threshold, the sensor correspondingly outputs a set low-level or high-level signal. 4. By manufacturing process: Integrated sensors are manufactured using standard production processes for silicon-based semiconductor integrated circuits. Usually, part of the circuitry for preliminary processing of the measured signal is also integrated on the same chip. Thin-film sensors are formed by depositing thin films of corresponding sensitive materials on a dielectric substrate (base plate). When using hybrid processes, part of the circuitry can also be fabricated on this substrate. Thick-film sensors are made by coating ceramic substrates, typically made of alumina, with slurries of corresponding materials, followed by heat treatment to form the thick film. Ceramic sensors are produced using standard ceramic processes or certain variants (sol-gel, etc.). After appropriate preparatory operations, the formed elements are sintered at high temperatures. There are many common characteristics between thick-film and ceramic sensor processes; in some respects, the thick-film process can be considered a variant of the ceramic process. Each process technology has its own advantages and disadvantages. Due to lower capital investment required for research, development, and production, as well as the high stability of sensor parameters, it is more reasonable to adopt ceramic and thick-film sensors. 5. By measurement purpose: Physical sensors are made using properties where certain physical characteristics of the measured substance undergo significant changes. Chemical sensors are made using sensitive elements that can convert chemical quantities such as composition and concentration of chemical substances into electrical quantities. Biological sensors are made using various biological or biomaterial properties to detect and identify chemical components in biological bodies. 6. By composition: (1) Basic sensors are the most fundamental single transduction devices. (2) Combined sensors are sensors composed of different single transduction devices. (3) Application-specific sensors are sensors composed of basic or combined sensors combined with other mechanisms. 10. By mode of action: Sensors can be divided into active and passive types based on their mode of action. Active sensors include acting and reaction types; such sensors can emit a certain detection signal towards the object being measured, detect changes produced in the object by the detection signal, or form a signal by generating a certain effect in the object via the detection signal. Those that detect changes in the detection signal are called acting type, while those that detect responses to form signals are called reaction type. Radar and radio frequency range detectors are examples of acting type, while photoacoustic effect analysis devices and laser analyzers are examples of reaction type. Passive sensors only receive signals generated by the object itself, such as infrared radiation thermometers and infrared imaging devices.

DEVI electrical component characteristics

The so-called dynamic characteristics refer to the output characteristics of a sensor when the input changes. In practical work, the dynamic characteristics of a sensor are often expressed by its response to certain standard input signals. This is because the sensor's response to standard input signals is easily obtained through experimental methods, and there is a certain relationship between its response to standard input signals and its response to arbitrary input signals; often, knowing the former allows inference of the latter. The most commonly used standard input signals are step signals and sinusoidal signals, so the dynamic characteristics of sensors are also commonly expressed by step response and frequency response.

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