ELEKTROBA electrical components Germany ELEKTROBA model ELEKTROBA price

ELEKTROBA electrical components include resistors, capacitors, inductors, diodes, transistors, field-effect transistors, thyristors, transformers, relays, sensors...; electronic devices include analog circuits (operational amplifiers, comparators, signal conditioners), logic circuits (flip-flops, counters, decoders, registers, transceivers, NOT gates, AND gates, OR gates, NAND gates, NOR gates, XOR gates), microcontrollers, memory, digital potentiometers, signal conversion circuits (A/D converters, D/A converters, voltage/frequency converters), communication circuits (various interface circuits), monitoring and reset circuits (power supply monitoring, program monitoring)..., too numerous to mention.

ELEKTROBA electrical component functions

Antennas radiate radio waves and also receive radio waves. However, what the transmitter feeds into the antenna via the feed line is not radio waves, nor can the receiving antenna directly feed radio waves into the receiver via the feed line; an energy conversion process must occur in between. Below, we take radio communication equipment as an example to analyze the signal transmission process, thereby illustrating the energy conversion role of the antenna. At the transmitting end, the modulated high-frequency oscillating current (energy) generated by the transmitter is input to the transmitting antenna via the feeding device (the feeding device may directly transmit current waves or electromagnetic waves depending on frequency and form). The transmitting antenna converts the high-frequency current or guided wave (energy) into radio waves—free electromagnetic waves (energy)—radiating them into the surrounding space. At the receiving end, radio waves (energy) are converted by the receiving antenna into high-frequency current or guided wave (energy), which is then transmitted to the receiver via the feeding device. From the above process, it can be seen that the antenna is not only a device for radiating and receiving radio waves, but also an energy converter, serving as the interface component between the circuit and space.

ELEKTROBA electrical component classification

In different application scenarios, the purpose of using varistors varies, and the voltage/current stress applied to the varistor differs; therefore, the requirements for the varistor also differ. Paying attention to these differences is crucial for correct usage. Based on the purpose of use, varistors can be divided into two main categories: protection varistors and circuit function varistors. ① Protection varistors: 1, distinguish whether they are for power supply protection or for signal line and data line protection, as they must meet different technical standard requirements. 2, based on the different continuous operating voltages applied to the varistor, varistors across power lines can be classified into AC type or DC type; the aging characteristics of varistors under these two voltage stresses differ. 14, based on the different abnormal overvoltage characteristics withstandable by the varistor, varistors can be classified into three types: surge suppression type, high-power type, and high-energy type. ② Surge suppression type: refers to varistors used to suppress transient overvoltages such as lightning overvoltage and switching overvoltage. The occurrence of such transient overvoltages is random and non-periodic, and the peak current and voltage may be very high. The vast majority of varistors belong to this category. ③ High-power type: refers to varistors used to absorb continuous pulse groups that appear periodically, such as varistors connected in parallel to switching power supply converters. Here, the impulse voltage appears periodically, and the period is known. The energy value can generally be calculated. Although the voltage peak is not very high, the average power is quite large due to the high frequency of occurrence. ④ High-energy type: refers to varistors used to absorb magnetic energy in large inductive coils such as generator excitation coils and lifting electromagnet coils. For such applications, the main technical indicator is energy absorption capacity. The protective function of varistors can be repeated multiple times in most application scenarios, but sometimes they are made into one-time protective devices similar to current fuses. For example, varistors with short-circuit contacts connected in parallel to the loads of certain current transformers.

ELEKTROBA electrical component principles

Lasing principle of laser diodes: The P-N junction in a laser diode is formed by two doped gallium arsenide layers. It has a planar structure parallel to one end mirror (highly reflective surface) and one partially reflective surface. The wavelength of the emitted light is precisely related to the length of the junction. When the P-N junction is forward-biased by an external voltage source, electrons move through the junction and recombine as in ordinary diodes. When electrons recombine with holes, photons are released. These photons strike atoms, causing more photons to be released. As the forward bias current increases, more electrons enter the depletion region, leading to the emission of more photons. Eventually, some photons drifting randomly within the depletion region strike the reflective surfaces perpendicularly, reflecting back along their original paths. The reflected photons are again reflected from the other end of the junction. This movement of photons from one end to the other occurs continuously multiple times. During the photon movement, due to the avalanche effect, more atoms release more photons. This process of reflection and generation of increasing numbers of photons produces a very intense laser beam. Each photon generated in the emission process described above is identical to other photons in energy level, phase relationship, and frequency. Therefore, the emission process yields a laser beam of a single wavelength. To generate a laser beam, the current of the laser diode must exceed a certain threshold level. Current below the threshold level forces the diode to behave as an LED, emitting incoherent light.

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