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ELKOEP electrical components refer to surge arresters or antenna spark gaps used for overvoltage protection, which contain two or more electrodes filled with a specific amount of inert gas. A gas discharge tube is a gap-type lightning protection component used for lightning protection in communication systems. Gas discharge tubes are widely applied in the lightning protection of communication systems. Discharge tubes are commonly used in the first or first two stages of multi-stage protection circuits to discharge instantaneous lightning overcurrents and limit overvoltages. Due to the high inter-electrode insulation resistance and low parasitic capacitance of discharge tubes, they offer clear advantages for lightning protection of high-frequency signal lines. The main disadvantages of the protection characteristics of discharge tubes are their relatively long discharge delay and less-than-ideal operating sensitivity, making it difficult to effectively suppress lightning waves with steep wavefront rise times, and there is a follow-current issue in lightning protection for power systems. Commonly used gas discharge tubes include two-electrode and three-electrode discharge tubes, whose enclosure materials are mostly ceramic, hence they are also called ceramic discharge tubes.

ELKOEP electrical component classification

Fiber optic connectors can be divided into common single-mode and multi-mode connectors for silica-based fibers based on the transmission medium, as well as other fiber optic connectors using plastic etc. as the transmission medium. Based on the connector structure, they can be divided into: FC, SC, ST, LC, D13, DIN, MU, MT, and various other forms. Among them, ST connectors are typically used at the cabling equipment end, such as fiber patch panels and fiber modules; while SC and MT connectors are typically used at the network equipment end. Based on the fiber end-face shape, there are FC, PC (including SPC or UPC), and APC; based on the number of fiber cores, there are single-core and multi-core (such as MT-RJ) types. Fiber optic connectors are widely used and come in many varieties. In practical applications, we generally distinguish them based on the different structures of the fiber optic connectors.

ELKOEP electrical component functions

The starter solenoid switch is a key component of the starter motor, and the design quality of the solenoid switch directly affects the reliability of the starter motor. The starter solenoid switch has two functions: one is to connect the main circuit to make the starter motor rotate, and the other is to push out the drive gear via the shift fork to engage with the engine flywheel ring gear. Therefore, the solenoid switch is required to have corresponding suction force, corresponding stroke, and contacts that can reliably switch large currents. Additionally, it is required to minimize volume and weight as much as possible. Based on these characteristics, the contact structure of the solenoid switch generally adopts a contact form, i.e., the moving contact is made into a bridge piece or disc shape to provide a larger heat dissipation surface and thermal capacity. The magnetic system mostly adopts a solenoid electromagnet structure to meet the requirements of corresponding stroke, corresponding suction force, small volume, and light weight. The moving iron core of the solenoid switch can move smoothly in the brass bushing equipped with the solenoid coil. The moving iron core pull rod is connected to the shift fork one-way clutch. Under the action of the return spring, the moving iron core remains in the non-working initial position. During starting, the starter drive gear needs to move forward by approximately 12-25mm. Therefore, when the solenoid switch begins to close, a large magnetomotive force is needed to generate the necessary initial suction force. After being pulled in, the air gap decreases, and the electromagnetic suction force increases sharply, greatly exceeding the force required to maintain the closed state. For this reason, the solenoid switch uses two coils (pull-in coil and holding coil). Initially, both the pull-in coil and the holding coil jointly generate electromagnetic suction force. After the switch contacts close, the pull-in coil automatically disengages from the working state, and only the holding coil maintains the switch in the closed state. The holding coil current is relatively small and can be wound with thinner wire, which not only reduces the volume of the solenoid switch but also achieves reasonable suction force matching. To ensure the reliability of the starter motor, it is necessary to focus on controlling the design quality of the solenoid switch.

ELKOEP electrical component classification

Classification based on the working principle or structural characteristics of relays: (1) Electromagnetic relay: An electrical relay that works by utilizing the suction force generated between the electromagnet core and the armature by the current in the input circuit. (2) Solid-state relay: A relay where electronic components perform its functions without mechanical moving parts, providing input and output isolation. (3) Temperature relay: A relay that operates when the external temperature reaches a specified value. (4) Reed relay: A relay that opens, closes, or switches circuits by utilizing the reed action sealed inside the tube, which has the dual function of contact reeds and armature magnetic circuit. (5) Time relay: A relay whose output part requires a delay or time limit to a specified time before closing or opening its controlled circuit when an input signal is added or removed. (6) High-frequency relay: A relay used for switching high-frequency and RF lines with minimal loss. (7) Polarized relay: A relay that operates by the combined effect of a polarizing magnetic field and the magnetic field generated by the control current passing through the control coil. The operating direction of the relay depends on the direction of the current flowing through the control coil. (8) Other types of relays: Such as optical relays, acoustic relays, thermal relays, instrument relays, Hall effect relays, differential relays, etc.

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