elobau electrical components Germany elobau model elobau price

elobau electrical component is a resistive device with nonlinear voltage-current characteristics, mainly used for voltage clamping when the circuit is subjected to overvoltage, absorbing excess current to protect sensitive devices. The resistor body material of a varistor is semiconductor, so it is a type of semiconductor resistor. The widely used "zinc oxide" varistor is composed of divalent element zinc and hexavalent element oxygen. Therefore, from a material perspective, zinc oxide varistors are a type of "II-VI group oxide semiconductor". In Taiwan, China, varistors are called "surge absorbers", sometimes also referred to as "electric shock (surge) suppressors (absorbers)". A varistor is a voltage-limiting protection device. Utilizing the nonlinear characteristics of the varistor, when overvoltage appears across the two poles of the varistor, it can clamp the voltage to a relatively fixed value, thereby protecting the downstream circuit. Main parameters of varistors include: varistor voltage, current handling capacity, junction capacitance, response time, etc. The response time of a varistor is in the ns range, faster than gas discharge tubes, but slightly slower than TVS tubes. Generally, its response speed meets the requirements for overvoltage protection in electronic circuits. The junction capacitance of a varistor is typically in the range of hundreds to thousands of Pf, making it often unsuitable for direct application in high-frequency signal line protection. When applied in AC circuit protection, its larger junction capacitance increases leakage current, which must be fully considered in protection circuit design. Varistors have a large current handling capacity, but smaller than that of gas discharge tubes. Varistors, abbreviated as VDR, are voltage-sensitive nonlinear overvoltage protection semiconductor components.

elobau electrical component characteristics

Under normal circumstances, the actual static characteristic output of a sensor is a curve rather than a straight line. In practical work, to enable instruments to have uniformly scaled readings, a fitted straight line is often used to approximately represent the actual characteristic curve. Linearity (nonlinear error) is a performance indicator of this degree of approximation. There are various methods for selecting the fitted straight line. For example, using the theoretical straight line connecting the zero input and full-scale output points as the fitted line; or using the theoretical straight line that minimizes the sum of squared deviations from each point on the characteristic curve as the fitted line, known as the least squares fitted line.

elobau electrical component principle

The thermistor will remain in a non-tripped state for extended periods; when the ambient temperature and current are in the c region, the heat dissipation power of the thermistor is close to its heat generation power, so it may or may not trip. For a given ambient temperature, the tripping time of the thermistor decreases sharply as the current increases; at relatively higher ambient temperatures, the thermistor has shorter tripping times and lower holding and tripping currents. The PTC effect refers to a material exhibiting the PTC effect, i.e., the positive temperature coefficient effect, meaning that the resistance of the material increases with rising temperature. For example, most metallic materials exhibit the PTC effect. In these materials, the PTC effect manifests as a linear increase in resistance with increasing temperature, which is commonly referred to as the linear PTC effect. Nonlinear PTC effect: Materials undergoing a phase transition exhibit a phenomenon where resistance increases sharply by several to more than ten orders of magnitude within a narrow temperature range, known as the nonlinear PTC effect. Many types of conductive polymers exhibit this effect, such as polymer PTC thermistors. These conductive polymers are very useful for manufacturing overcurrent protection devices. Polymer PTC thermistors are used for overcurrent protection and are often referred to as resettable fuses (hereinafter referred to as thermistors). Due to their unique positive temperature coefficient resistance characteristics, they are highly suitable as overcurrent protection devices. The method of using a thermistor is similar to that of a conventional fuse: it is connected in series in the circuit. When the circuit operates normally, the thermistor's temperature is close to room temperature and its resistance is very low, so connecting it in series does not hinder current flow. However, when an overcurrent occurs due to a fault, the increased heat generation causes the thermistor's temperature to rise. When the temperature exceeds the switching temperature, the resistance increases dramatically in an instant, rapidly reducing the current in the circuit to a safe value. After the thermistor trips, the current in the circuit drops significantly; t is the tripping time of the thermistor. Due to the good design flexibility of polymer PTC thermistors, their temperature sensitivity can be adjusted by changing their switching temperature (ts), allowing them to provide both overtemperature and overcurrent protection. They are suitable for overcurrent and overtemperature protection of lithium-ion and nickel-metal hydride batteries. Influence of ambient temperature on polymer PTC thermistors: A polymer PTC thermistor is a direct-heating, step-type thermistor. Its resistance change process is related to its own heat generation and dissipation conditions; therefore, its holding current, tripping current, and tripping time are affected by ambient temperature.

elobau electrical component classification

a. By material: silicon transistors, germanium transistors. b. By structure: NPN, PNP. c. By function: switching transistors, power transistors, Darlington transistors, photosensitive transistors, etc. d. By power: low-power transistors, medium-power transistors, high-power transistors. e. By operating frequency: low-frequency transistors, high-frequency transistors, ultra-high-frequency transistors. f. By structural process: alloy transistors, planar transistors. g. By mounting method: through-hole transistors, surface-mount transistors.

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