EMKO electrical components Germany EMKO model EMKO price

EMKO electrical components are parts of electronic components and small machines and instruments. They often consist of several parts and can be used interchangeably in similar products. They often refer to certain parts in industries such as electrical appliances, radio, and instrumentation, and are a general term for electronic devices such as capacitors, transistors, hairsprings, and mainsprings. Common examples include diodes. Electronic components include: resistors, capacitors, inductors, potentiometers, electron tubes, heat sinks, electromechanical components, connectors, discrete semiconductor devices, electroacoustic devices, laser devices, electronic display devices, optoelectronic devices, sensors, power supplies, switches, micro special motors, electronic transformers, relays, printed circuit boards, integrated circuits, various circuits, piezoelectric, crystals, quartz, ceramic magnetic materials, substrate boards for printed circuits, special materials for electronic functional processes, electronic adhesive (tape) products, electronic chemical materials and parts, etc.

EMKO electrical component parameters

1. Voltage temperature coefficient: Refers to the rate of change of the nominal voltage of a varistor within a specified temperature range, i.e., the relative change in voltage across the varistor when the temperature changes while the current through the varistor remains constant. 2. Current temperature coefficient: Refers to the relative change in current flowing through the varistor when the temperature changes while the voltage across the varistor remains constant. 3. Nominal voltage: Refers to the voltage value across the varistor when DC current passes through it. 4. Voltage ratio: Refers to the ratio of the voltage generated by the current of the varistor to the voltage generated by the current of the varistor. 5. Maximum limiting voltage: Refers to the highest voltage value that can be withstand across the varistor. 6. Leakage current: Leakage current, also known as standby current, refers to the current flowing through the varistor under specified temperature and maximum DC current conditions. 7. Residual voltage ratio: When the current passing through the varistor is a certain value, the voltage generated across it is called the residual voltage for that current value. The residual voltage ratio is the ratio of the residual voltage to the nominal voltage. 8. Surge current capacity: Surge current capacity, also known as surge current, refers to the maximum pulse (peak) current value allowed to pass through the varistor under specified conditions (specified time intervals and number of times, applying standard impulse current). 9. Static capacitance: Refers to the inherent capacitance of the varistor itself. 10. Insulation resistance: Refers to the resistance value between the leads (pins) of the varistor and the insulated surface of the resistor body. 11. Voltage nonlinearity coefficient: Refers to the ratio of the static resistance value to the dynamic resistance value of the varistor under a given applied voltage.

EMKO electrical component parameters

The main characteristic parameters of quartz crystal resonators include nominal frequency, adjustment frequency deviation, temperature frequency deviation, equivalent resistance, drive level, load capacitance, static capacitance, aging rate, and temperature range. (1) Nominal frequency is the specified resonant center frequency of the resonator under specified conditions. (2) Adjustment frequency deviation is the maximum deviation of the operating frequency from the nominal frequency at the reference temperature under specified conditions. (3) Temperature frequency deviation is the allowable deviation from the operating frequency at the reference temperature over the entire operating temperature range under specified conditions. (4) Reference temperature is the specified ambient temperature when measuring the parameters of a quartz crystal resonator. For oven-controlled quartz crystal resonators, it is generally the center point of the operating temperature range; (5) Load resonant resistance is the resistance value at the load resonant frequency when the quartz crystal resonator is connected in series with a specified external capacitor. (6) Drive level refers to the effective power consumed by the quartz crystal resonator during operation. It is a measure of the excitation state applied to the quartz crystal element. In actual use, the drive level can be adjusted. Strong excitation makes it easy to start oscillation, while weak excitation leads to poor frequency stability or even failure to oscillate. (7) Load capacitance refers to the effective external capacitance that, together with the quartz crystal resonator, determines the load resonant frequency. Load capacitance can be appropriately adjusted according to specific conditions, and adjusting it can generally tune the operating frequency of the resonator to the nominal value. (8) Static capacitance refers to the static capacitance between the two pins of the quartz crystal resonator. (9) Aging rate refers to the error caused by the aging change of the quartz crystal over time. (10) Temperature range refers to the allowable range of ambient temperature changes during operation.

EMKO electrical component principles

When high-frequency current flows through a conductor, an electric field and a magnetic field are generated in the surrounding space. According to the distribution characteristics of the electromagnetic field in space, it can be divided into the near zone, intermediate zone, and far zone. Let R be the distance from a point in space to the conductor. The region where R ﹤﹤ λ/2π is called the near zone. In this zone, the electromagnetic field is closely related to the current and voltage in the conductor. The region where R﹥﹥λ/2π is called the far zone. In this region, the electromagnetic field can leave the conductor and propagate into space. Its changes lag behind the current and voltage on the conductor for a period of time. At this point, the propagated electromagnetic wave is no longer directly related to the current and voltage on the wire. The electromagnetic field in this region is called the radiation field. It must be pointed out that when the length of the wire L is much smaller than the wavelength λ, the radiation is very weak; when the length of the wire L increases to be comparable to the wavelength, the current on the wire will increase significantly, thus forming stronger radiation. Transmitting antennas utilize this property of the radiation field to allow transmitted signals to radiate fully into space after passing through the transmitting antenna. How to make a conductor an effective radiating system? Here we first analyze the situation on the transmission line. On a parallel two-wire transmission line, to ensure only energy transmission without radiation, it is necessary to ensure that the two-wire structure is symmetrical, the current magnitude and direction at corresponding points on the lines are opposite, and the distance between the two lines<π. To effectively radiate the electromagnetic field, this symmetry of the transmission line must be broken. Methods such as separating the two conductors at a certain angle or removing one side can break the conductor symmetry and produce radiation. If the open-circuit transmission line or the conductor at a distance of π/4 from the terminal is separated linearly, the current on the terminal conductor is no longer in anti-phase but in phase. This causes the radiation fields of this conductor segment at spatial points to superimpose in phase, forming an effective radiation system. This is the simplest and most basic unit antenna, called a half-wave symmetric dipole antenna, with a characteristic impedance of 83Ω. After electromagnetic waves are radiated from the transmitting antenna, they propagate in all directions. If a symmetric dipole is placed in the direction of electromagnetic wave propagation, an induced electromotive force will be generated on the antenna dipole under the action of the electromagnetic wave. If the antenna is connected to receiving equipment at this time, high-frequency current will be generated at the input end of the receiving equipment. In this way, the antenna plays a receiving role and converts electromagnetic waves into high-frequency current. That is, the antenna acts as a receiving antenna. The quality of reception depends not only on the strength of the radio waves but also on the directivity of the antenna and the matching between the half-wave symmetric dipole and the receiving equipment.

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