epcos electrical components Germany epcos model epcos price

epcos electrical component is a transducer that converts a changing magnetic field into a change in output voltage. Hall sensors are primarily used to measure magnetic fields, and can also measure physical quantities that generate and affect magnetic fields, such as those used in proximity switches, Hall effect devices, position measurement, speed measurement, and current measurement equipment. In its simplest form, the sensor acts as an analog transducer, directly returning a voltage. In a known magnetic field, its distance from the Hall plate can be set. Using multiple sensors, the relative position of the magnet can be inferred. The current through a conductor produces a magnetic field that varies with the current, and Hall effect sensors can measure current without interfering with it. A typical construction integrates the sensor with a wound magnetic core or a permanent magnet next to the conductor being measured. Usually, Hall effect sensors are connected to circuits, allowing the device to operate in digital (on/off) mode, in which case it can be referred to as a switch. Industrial equipment, such as cylinders, is also used in everyday devices; for example, some printers use them to monitor paper absence and open covers. When high reliability is required for keyboards, Hall sensors are designed into their keys. Hall effect sensors are commonly used to measure wheel and axle speeds, such as in internal combustion engine ignition timing or tachometers. They are used in brushless DC motors to detect the position of permanent magnets. A wheel with two equidistant magnets will cause the voltage on the sensor to peak twice per cycle; this setup is often used to calibrate the speed of disk drives.

epcos electrical component function

Multimeters can not only measure the resistance of objects, AC and DC voltage, but also DC voltage. Some multimeters can even measure the main parameters of transistors and the capacitance of capacitors. Proficient mastery of multimeter usage is one of the most basic skills in electronic technology. Common multimeters include analog multimeters and digital multimeters. An analog multimeter is a multifunctional measuring instrument with a meter head as the core component, and the measured value is read by the pointer of the meter head. The measured value of a digital multimeter is directly displayed in numerical form on an LCD screen, making it easy to read; some also have voice prompt functions. A multimeter is an instrument that shares a single meter head, integrating a voltmeter, ammeter, and ohmmeter. The DC current range of a multimeter is a multi-range DC voltmeter. Connecting a shunt resistor in parallel with the meter head expands its current range. The DC voltage range of a multimeter is a multi-range DC voltmeter. Connecting a voltage divider resistor in series with the meter head expands its voltage range. Different voltage divider resistors result in different ranges. The meter head of a multimeter is a magnetoelectric measuring mechanism, which can only pass DC. Diodes are used to convert AC to DC, thereby enabling AC measurement.

epcos electrical component structure

The type commonly used is the unidirectional thyristor, also known as the ordinary thyristor. It is composed of four layers of semiconductor material, has three PN junctions, and has three external electrodes: the electrode drawn from the first layer of P-type semiconductor is called the anode A, the electrode drawn from the third layer of P-type semiconductor is called the gate G, and the electrode drawn from the fourth layer of N-type semiconductor is called the cathode K. As seen from the circuit symbol of the thyristor, like a diode, it is a unidirectional conductive device, but with the addition of a gate G, it has operating characteristics completely different from those of a diode. The P1N1P2N2 four-layer, three-terminal device, based on silicon monocrystal, is internationally known as the silicon controlled rectifier because its characteristics are similar to those of a vacuum thyratron, abbreviated as thyristor T. Since thyristors were initially used in static rectification, they are also called silicon controlled rectifiers, abbreviated as SCR SCR. In terms of performance, SCRs not only have unidirectional conductivity but also possess controllability more valuable than that of silicon rectifier elements (commonly known as "dead silicon"). It has only two states: conduction and cutoff. SCRs can control high-power electromechanical equipment with milliampere-level currents. If this power is exceeded, the switching loss of the component increases significantly, and the allowable average current decreases; in this case, the nominal current should be derated. SCRs have many advantages, such as controlling high power with low power, with power amplification factors reaching hundreds of thousands of times; extremely fast response, turning on and off within microseconds; contactless operation, no sparks, no noise; high efficiency, low cost, etc. Weaknesses of SCRs: poor static and dynamic overload capacity; prone to mis-triggering due to interference. SCRs are mainly classified by appearance into: bolt type, flat plate type, and flat base type. Structure of SCR components. Regardless of the shape of the SCR, their cores are composed of four-layer P1N1P2N2 structures made of P-type silicon and N-type silicon. It has three PN junctions (J1, J2, J3). The anode A is drawn from the P1 layer of the J1 structure, the cathode K is drawn from the N2 layer, and the gate G is drawn from the P4 layer, so it is a four-layer, three-terminal semiconductor device.

epcos electrical component characteristics

The characteristics of an inductor are exactly opposite to those of a capacitor; it has the property of blocking AC while allowing DC to pass smoothly. The resistance when a DC signal passes through the coil is just the resistance of the wire itself, resulting in a very small voltage drop; when an AC signal passes through the coil, a self-induced electromotive force is generated at both ends of the coil. The direction of the self-induced electromotive force is opposite to that of the applied voltage, hindering the passage of AC. Therefore, the characteristic of an inductor is to pass DC and block AC; the higher the frequency, the greater the coil impedance. Inductors often work together with capacitors in circuits to form LC filters, LC oscillators, etc. Additionally, people utilize the characteristics of inductance to manufacture chokes, transformers, relays, etc. Passing DC: refers to the inductor presenting a closed path state to DC. If the resistance of the inductor coil is ignored, DC can pass through the inductor "unimpeded." For DC, the coil's own resistance has very little hindering effect, so it is often ignored in circuit analysis. Blocking AC: When AC passes through the inductor coil, the inductor presents an impedance to the AC. The factor hindering the AC is the inductive reactance of the coil.

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