EXXOtest electrical components Germany EXXOtest model EXXOtest price

EXXOtest electrical components are specifically designed to suppress high-frequency noise and spike interference on signal lines and power lines, and also have the ability to absorb electrostatic pulses. Ferrite beads are used to absorb ultra-high-frequency signals. For example, some RF circuits, PLL, oscillator circuits, and circuits containing ultra-high-frequency memory (DDR SDRAM, RAMBUS, etc.) all require ferrite beads at the power input section. Inductors are energy storage components used in LC oscillator circuits, mid-to-low frequency filter circuits, etc., and their application frequency range rarely exceeds 50MHZ. Ferrite beads have high resistivity and permeability, equivalent to a resistor and inductor in series, but both resistance and inductance vary with frequency.

EXXOtest electrical component applications

Photoelectric sensors using photoelectric elements as sensitive components come in many types and have wide-ranging applications. Based on the nature of the output from photoelectric sensors, they can be divided into two categories: (1) Photoelectric measuring instruments that convert measured quantities into continuously changing photocurrents, used to measure physical quantities such as light intensity, object temperature, light transmittance, displacement, and surface condition. Examples include lux meters for measuring light intensity, photoelectric pyrometers, photoelectric colorimeters, turbidimeters, photoelectric fire alarms, and automatic inspection devices and instruments for checking the diameter, length, ovality, and surface roughness of machined parts, all of which use photoelectric elements as sensitive components. Semiconductor photoelectric elements are not only widely used in civil industrial fields but also hold an important position in military applications. For example, lead sulfide photoresistors can be used to make infrared night vision devices, infrared cameras, and infrared navigation systems; (6) Devices that convert measured quantities into continuously changing photocurrents. Various photoelectric automatic devices are made using the characteristic of photoelectric elements to output "present" or "absent" electrical signals when exposed to light or no light. Photoelectric elements serve as switching photoelectric conversion components. Examples include photoelectric inputs for electronic computers, switching temperature control devices, and digital photoelectric tachometers for speed measurement.

EXXOtest electrical component applications

The main application of rectifiers is to convert AC power to DC power. Since all electronic equipment requires DC power, but utility companies supply AC power, rectifiers are indispensable inside the power supplies of all electronic equipment unless batteries are used. Converting the voltage of DC power is much more complex. One method of DC-DC conversion is to first convert the power to AC (using a device called an inverter), then change the AC voltage using a transformer, and finally rectify it back to DC power. Rectifiers are also used for demodulation of AM radio signals. The signal may be amplified (increasing the signal amplitude) before demodulation; if not amplified, diodes with very low voltage drop must be used. When using rectifiers for demodulation, care must be taken to match capacitors and load resistors. If the capacitance is too small, excessive high-frequency components will pass through; if too large, the signal will be suppressed. Rectification devices are also used to provide fixed-polarity voltage required for electric welding. Sometimes the output current of such circuits needs to be controlled, in which case thyristors (a type of silicon-controlled rectifier) replace the diodes in bridge rectifiers, and phase control triggering is used to adjust the voltage output. Thyristors are also used in railway locomotive systems at various levels to achieve fine tuning of traction motors.

EXXOtest electrical component principle

In addition to the function of photodiodes to convert light signals into electrical signals, phototransistors also have the function of amplifying electrical signals. The appearance of phototransistors is not much different from general transistors. Generally, phototransistors only lead out two terminals—the emitter and the collector—while the base is not led out. The casing also has a window to allow light to enter. To increase light exposure, the base region area is made large, while the emitter region is small, so incident light is mainly absorbed by the base region. During operation, the collector junction is reverse-biased, and the emitter junction is forward-biased. In the absence of light, the current flowing through the transistor is the dark current Iceo = (1 + β) Icbo (very small), which is smaller than the penetration current of general transistors; when illuminated, a large number of electron-hole pairs are generated, causing the base current Ib to increase. The current flowing through the transistor at this moment is called photocurrent, and the emitter current Ie = (3 + β) Ib. It can be seen that phototransistors have higher sensitivity than photodiodes.

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