felder electrical components Germany felder model felder price

felder electrical component is a sensor resistor whose resistance changes with temperature. According to different temperature coefficients, it is divided into positive temperature coefficient thermistors and negative temperature coefficient thermistors. The resistance of a positive temperature coefficient thermistor increases as the temperature rises, while the resistance of a negative temperature coefficient thermistor decreases as the temperature rises; both belong to semiconductor devices.

felder electrical component principle

A crystal diode is a p-n junction formed by p-type semiconductor and n-type semiconductor, where space charge layers are formed on both sides of the interface, and a built-in electric field is established. When no external voltage is applied, it is in an electrical equilibrium state because the diffusion current caused by the carrier concentration difference across the p-n junction equals the drift current caused by the built-in electric field. When there is a forward voltage bias from the outside, the mutual cancellation effect of the external electric field and the built-in electric field increases the diffusion current of carriers, causing a forward current. When there is a reverse voltage bias from the outside, the external electric field and the built-in electric field are further strengthened, forming a reverse saturation current within a certain reverse voltage range that is independent of the reverse bias voltage value. When the applied reverse voltage reaches a certain level, the electric field strength in the space charge layer of the p-n junction reaches a critical value, producing a carrier multiplication process that generates a large number of electron-hole pairs, resulting in a large reverse breakdown current, known as the diode breakdown phenomenon.

felder electrical component classification

An inductor generates a magnetic field around the coil when current flows through it. When the current in the coil changes, the surrounding magnetic field also changes accordingly. This changing magnetic field can induce an electromotive force (induced EMF) in the coil itself (EMF is used to represent the terminal voltage of an ideal power source of an active component), which is self-inductance. An electronic component made by winding wire with a certain number of turns, capable of producing a certain amount of self-inductance or mutual inductance, is often called an inductor coil. To increase the inductance value, improve the quality factor, and reduce the volume, a core made of ferromagnetic material, such as an iron core or magnetic core, is often added. The basic parameters of an inductor include inductance, quality factor, inherent capacitance, stability, current carrying capacity, and operating frequency. An inductor composed of a single coil is called a self-inductor, and its self-inductance is also known as the self-inductance coefficient. Mutual inductance occurs when two inductor coils are close to each other; the change in the magnetic field of one inductor coil affects the other inductor coil. This influence is called mutual inductance. The magnitude of mutual inductance depends on the self-inductance of the inductor coils and the degree of coupling between the two inductor coils. Components manufactured using this principle are called mutual inductors.

felder electrical component function

Photoelectric switches can be used in various application scenarios. Avoid strong light sources; photoelectric switches generally work stably in environments with high ambient illumination. However, avoid aligning the sensor's optical axis directly with strong light sources such as sunlight or incandescent lamps. If the angle between the sensor's (receiver's) optical axis and the strong light source cannot be changed, install shading plates around the top of the sensor or cover it with a long shading tube. Prevent mutual interference: New photoelectric switches usually have automatic anti-interference functions, so mutual interference is not a concern. However, for HGK series through-beam infrared photoelectric switches installed side by side in close proximity, interference between adjacent groups and mutual interference should be prevented. The most effective way to prevent this interference is to cross-set the transmitters and receivers, and when there are more than 10 groups, increase the distance between groups. Of course, using models with different operating frequencies is also a good method. For reflective photoelectric switches, an effective way to prevent mutual interference is to increase the spacing. Moreover, the greater the detection distance, the larger the spacing should be; the specific spacing should be determined based on debugging conditions. Of course, models with different operating frequencies can also be used. Influence of mirror angle: When the detected object is glossy or encounters a smooth metal surface, the reflectivity is generally very high, acting like a mirror. Adjust the installation so that its optical axis is not perpendicular to the detected object, thereby preventing malfunction. Eliminating background influence: When using reflective diffuse transmitters and receivers, sometimes the photoelectric switch may fail to detect stably because the detected object is close to the background, or the photoelectric switch or background is a smooth object with high reflectivity. Therefore, you can switch to distance-limited transmitters and receivers, or adopt methods such as moving away from the background, removing the background, painting the background matte black, or making the background rough and dark to eliminate the influence. Use of self-diagnosis function: During installation or use, minor issues such as slight deviation of the optical axis, lens contamination, dust accumulation, external noise, or ambient temperature exceeding the range may occur due to table or background influences and vibration. These problems may cause the photoelectric switch to deviate from the stable operating zone. In this case, the self-diagnosis function of the photoelectric switch can be utilized to make the green stability indicator light notify the user, reminding them to make timely adjustments.

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