flexa electrical components Germany flexa model flexa price

flexa electrical components are current-limiting components. After connecting a resistor in the circuit, the resistance value is fixed, generally with two pins, and it can limit the magnitude of the current passing through the branch to which it is connected. A resistor whose resistance value cannot be changed is called a fixed resistor. A resistor whose resistance value can be changed is called a potentiometer or variable resistor. An ideal resistor is linear, meaning that the instantaneous current through the resistor is proportional to the applied instantaneous voltage. Variable resistors used for voltage division. One or two movable metal contacts are pressed tightly against the bare resistive body. The position of the contact determines the resistance between either end of the resistive body and the contact. There is a definite functional relationship between terminal voltage and current. It is a two-terminal device that reflects the ability to convert electrical energy into other forms, represented by the letter R, with the unit ohm Ω. Actual devices such as light bulbs, heating wires, and resistors can all be represented as resistor components. The resistance value of a resistive element is generally related to temperature, material, length, and cross-sectional area. The physical quantity that measures the extent to which resistance is affected by temperature is the temperature coefficient, which is defined as the percentage change in resistance value when the temperature increases by 1 ℃. The main physical characteristic of resistance is the conversion of electrical energy into thermal energy; it can also be said to be a dissipative component, generating internal energy when current passes through it. Resistors usually play the role of voltage division and current shunting in circuits. For signals, both AC and DC signals can pass through resistors.

flexa electrical component principle

Its operating principle is the same as that of a transformer, with a basic structure consisting of an iron core and primary and secondary windings. It is characterized by a very small and relatively constant capacity, operating close to no-load conditions during normal operation. The impedance of the voltage transformer itself is very small; once a short circuit occurs on the secondary side, the current will increase sharply and burn out the windings. For this reason, fuses are connected to the primary side of the voltage transformer, and the secondary side is reliably grounded to prevent high potential to ground on the secondary side from causing personal injury and equipment accidents when insulation between the primary and secondary sides is damaged. Voltage transformers for measurement are generally made with a single-phase dual-winding structure. The primary voltage is the voltage to be measured (such as the line voltage in a power system). They can be used in single phase, or two units can be connected in a V-V configuration for three-phase use. Voltage transformers used in laboratories often have multiple taps on the primary side to accommodate the need to measure different voltages. Voltage transformers for protective grounding also include a third winding, known as a three-winding voltage transformer. The third windings of the three phases are connected in an open-delta configuration, with the two output terminals of the open delta connected to the voltage coil of the grounding protection relay. During normal operation, the three-phase voltages of the power system are symmetrical, and the sum of the three-phase induced electromotive forces on the third winding is zero. Once a single-phase ground fault occurs, neutral point displacement occurs, and zero-sequence voltage appears between the terminals of the open delta, causing the relay to operate and thus protecting the power system. When zero-sequence voltage appears in the windings, corresponding zero-sequence magnetic flux appears in the iron core. Therefore, this type of three-phase voltage transformer uses a side-yoke iron core or employs three single-phase voltage transformers. For this type of transformer, the accuracy requirement for the third winding is not high, but it requires certain over-excitation characteristics (i.e., when the primary voltage increases, the magnetic flux density in the iron core increases by a corresponding factor without damage). Voltage transformers are indispensable electrical devices in power transmission and supply systems such as power plants and substations. Precision voltage transformers are instruments used in electrical testing laboratories to extend measurement ranges and measure voltage, power, and electrical energy. Voltage transformers are very similar to transformers, both being used to transform voltage on lines. Why is voltage transformation needed on lines? This is because, depending on the different conditions of power generation, transmission, and consumption, the voltage levels on lines vary significantly, ranging from low voltages such as 220V and 380V to high voltages of tens of thousands or even hundreds of thousands of volts. To directly measure these low and high voltages, corresponding low-voltage and high-voltage voltmeters and other instruments and relays would need to be manufactured according to the line voltage levels. This would not only create significant difficulties in instrument manufacturing, but more importantly, it is impossible and strictly prohibited to directly manufacture high-voltage instruments and measure voltage directly on high-voltage lines.

flexa electrical component structure

Three basic configurations of fiber optic sensor networks. There are three basic configurations of fiber optic sensor networks, one of which is called a single-point sensor. Here, a single fiber optic cable serves only as a transmission medium. Another type is called a multi-point sensor, where a single fiber optic cable connects many sensors in series, allowing many sensors to share a light source to achieve networked monitoring. Then there is the intelligent fiber optic sensor. Multi-point fiber optic sensors look like a section of grating from the outside, with periodic intervals discovered through ultraviolet irradiation. When light enters the fiber, if the wavelength of the light is exactly twice the interval, the light wave will be strongly reflected. If the fiber is subjected to temperature changes or strain, etc., this reflected wavelength will change. Many such sensors can be made on a single fiber, and connecting them can be used for various sensing applications. Because fiber optics are flexible, they can be arranged in two-dimensional and three-dimensional spaces, so the horizontal axis represents spatial position, and the vertical axis represents the measurement object. What problems does such a sensor network solve? It solves the problem of what happened at what location and the intensity of that event, providing two-dimensional information. This is the problem that intelligent fiber optic sensors need to solve. They have very prominent characteristic requirements, including small size, high strength, good stability, and implantability in materials. They are resistant to electromagnetic interference and environmentally durable.

flexa electrical component characteristics

Sensitivity refers to the ratio of the change in output to the change in input under steady-state operating conditions of the sensor. It is the slope of the output-input characteristic curve. If there is a clear linear relationship between the output and input of the sensor, then the sensitivity S is a constant. Otherwise, it will change with the change in input. The dimension of sensitivity is the ratio of the dimensions of the output and input quantities. When the dimensions of the output and input quantities of the sensor are the same, sensitivity can be understood as the amplification factor. Increasing sensitivity can yield higher measurement precision. However, the higher the sensitivity, the narrower the measurement range, and the stability is often poorer.

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