Frizlen electrical components German Frizlen models Frizlen prices

Frizlen electrical components are among the earliest devices for amplifying electrical signals. The cathode electron emission section, control grid, accelerating grid, and anode (plate) leads, enclosed in a glass container (typically a glass tube), are welded to the tube base. An electric field is used to inject electrons into the control grid in a vacuum to modulate the signal, and different parameter signal data after signal amplification or feedback oscillation are obtained at the anode. Initially applied in electronic products such as televisions, radios, and loudspeakers, they were gradually replaced by amplifiers and integrated circuits made from semiconductor materials, but in some high-fidelity audio equipment, vacuum tubes with low noise and high stability coefficients are still used as audio power amplification devices (in Hong Kong, vacuum tube power amplifiers are referred to as "tube amplifiers").

Frizlen electrical component parameters

1. Nominal varistor voltage: refers to the voltage value across the varistor when a pulse current of specified duration passes through it. 2. Voltage ratio: refers to the ratio of the voltage value generated by the current in the varistor to the voltage value generated by the current in the varistor. 3. Maximum limiting voltage: the peak voltage across the varistor under the maximum pulse peak current Ip that the varistor can withstand and under a specified waveform. 4. Residual voltage ratio: when the current passing through the varistor is at a certain value, the voltage generated across it is called the residual voltage for that current value. The residual voltage ratio is the ratio of the residual voltage to the nominal voltage. 5. Current handling capacity: also known as surge current rating, it refers to the maximum pulse current value allowed to pass through the varistor under specified conditions. 6. Leakage current: also known as standby current, it refers to the current flowing through the varistor at a specified temperature and maximum DC voltage. 7. Voltage temperature coefficient: refers to the rate of change of the nominal voltage of the varistor within a specified temperature range, i.e., the relative change in voltage across the varistor when the temperature changes while the current through the varistor remains constant. 8. Current temperature coefficient: refers to the relative change in the current flowing through the varistor when the temperature changes while the voltage across the varistor remains constant. 9. Voltage nonlinearity coefficient: refers to the ratio of the static resistance to the dynamic resistance of the varistor under a given applied voltage. 10. Insulation resistance: refers to the resistance value between the lead wires of the varistor and the insulating surface of the resistive body. 11. Static capacitance: refers to the inherent capacitive capacity of the varistor itself. 12. Rated power: the maximum power that causes a change in varistor voltage when operating at a specific ambient temperature. 19. Maximum impulse current: the maximum impulse current that causes a change in varistor voltage when the varistor is subjected to a specific pulse current impact once or twice.

Frizlen electrical component classification

Fuses can be divided into high-voltage fuses and low-voltage fuses according to the operating voltage. According to the protected object, they can be classified as fuses for protecting transformers and general electrical equipment, fuses for protecting voltage transformers, fuses for protecting power capacitors, fuses for protecting semiconductor components, fuses for protecting motors, and fuses for protecting household appliances, etc. According to structure, they can be divided into open-type, semi-enclosed, cartridge, and expulsion fuses. Open-type fuses have a simple structure, with the fusible element fully exposed to the air and supported by porcelain pillars without a base, making them suitable for low-voltage outdoor use. Interrupting current produces significant audible and visual effects in the atmosphere. In semi-enclosed fuses, the fusible element is mounted on a porcelain frame and inserted into a porcelain box with metal sockets at both ends, making them suitable for low-voltage indoor use. The audible and visual effects produced during current interruption are contained by the porcelain box. In cartridge fuses, the fusible element is installed inside the fuse body. It is then inserted into a base or directly connected into the circuit for use. The fuse link is a fully sealed insulating tube with metal caps or contact blades at both ends. If the insulating tube of this type of fuse is filled with quartz sand, it has a current-limiting effect during current interruption, greatly improving the breaking capacity, hence it is also called a high-breaking-capacity fuse. If the tube is evacuated, it is called a vacuum fuse. If the tube is filled with SF6 gas, it is called an SF6 fuse, with the aim of improving arc-extinguishing performance. Since quartz sand, vacuum, and SF15 gas all have good insulating properties, this type of fuse is suitable for both low-voltage and high-voltage applications. Expulsion fuses have the fusible element installed in an insulating tube made of solid gas-generating material. The solid gas-generating material can be electrical anti-white cardboard or organic glass material, etc. When short-circuit current passes through the fusible element, it melts immediately, producing an arc. The high-temperature arc rapidly decomposes the solid gas-generating material, producing a large amount of high-pressure gas, which expels the ionized gas with the arc from both ends of the tube, emitting intense sound and light, and extinguishes the arc at the AC current zero-crossing to interrupt the current. The insulating tube is usually mounted on an insulating support to form the complete fuse assembly. Sometimes the upper end of the insulating tube is designed to be movable, detaching and dropping down immediately after current interruption; this type of expulsion fuse is commonly known as a drop-out fuse.

Frizlen electrical component classification

(1) Point-contact diodes have a small PN junction contact area, cannot pass large forward currents or withstand high reverse voltages, but have good high-frequency performance, making them suitable for use in high-frequency detection circuits and switching circuits. (2) Surface-contact diodes have a large PN junction contact area, can pass large currents, and can withstand high reverse voltages, making them suitable for use in rectifier circuits. (3) Planar diodes have a small PN junction area when used as switching transistors in pulse digital circuits, and a larger PN junction area when used for high-power rectification. (4) Zener diodes are a special type of surface-contact semiconductor silicon diode with voltage stabilization functionality. The main difference between zener diodes and ordinary diodes is that zener diodes operate in the reverse breakdown state of the PN junction. By implementing process measures during manufacturing and limiting the magnitude of reverse current during use, it is ensured that the zener diode will not be damaged by overheating in the reverse breakdown state. Unlike ordinary diodes, the reverse breakdown of a zener diode is reversible; as long as the current does not exceed the allowable value for the zener diode, the PN junction will not overheat and fail. When the external reverse voltage is removed, the zener diode restores its original performance, so zener diodes have good repetitive breakdown characteristics. (5) Photodiodes, also known as photosensitive diodes. Their casing is equipped with a glass window to facilitate light reception. Their characteristic is that when light irradiates their PN junction, free electrons and holes are generated in pairs, increasing the concentration of minority carriers in the semiconductor. Under a certain reverse bias voltage, this causes the reverse current to increase. Therefore, their reverse current increases linearly with increasing light intensity. When there is no light illumination, the volt-ampere characteristics of the photodiode are the same as those of an ordinary diode. Photodiodes, as light-controlled components, can be used for various object detection, photoelectric control, automatic alarm, and other applications. When manufactured as large-area photodiodes, they can serve as an energy source and are called solar cells. In this case, they do not require an external power supply and can directly convert light energy into electrical energy. (6) Light-emitting diodes are semiconductor solid-state display devices that directly convert electrical energy into light energy, abbreviated as LED. Similar to ordinary diodes, light-emitting diodes are also composed of a PN junction structure. The PN junction of a light-emitting diode is encapsulated in a transparent plastic housing, with shapes including square, rectangular, and circular. Light-emitting diodes have advantages such as low drive voltage, small operating current, strong resistance to vibration and shock, small size, high reliability, low power consumption, and long service life, and are widely used in signal indication circuits. In electronic technology, the commonly used seven-segment displays operate on a principle opposite to that of photodiodes. When a light-emitting diode is forward-biased and current passes through it, it emits light, which is the result of energy release when electrons and holes recombine directly. Its spectral range is relatively narrow, and its wavelength depends on the base material used.

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