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idv electrical components refer to an electrical device that disconnects the circuit by melting the fusible element with the heat generated by itself when the current exceeds a specified value. A fuse is a current protection device made based on this principle, where the current exceeds the specified value for a period of time, causing the fusible element to melt due to the heat generated by itself, thereby disconnecting the circuit. Fuses are widely used in high and low voltage distribution systems, control systems, and electrical equipment as short-circuit and overcurrent protectors, making them one of the most commonly used protective devices. A metal conductor is used as the fusible element connected in series in the circuit. When overload or short-circuit current passes through the fusible element, it melts due to its own heating, thereby disconnecting the circuit. The fuse has a simple structure and is easy to use, widely used in power systems, various electrical equipment, and household appliances as a protective device.

idv electrical component functions

A multimeter can not only measure the resistance of the object under test, but also AC and DC voltages, and even DC voltage. Some multimeters can also measure the main parameters of transistors and the capacitance of capacitors. Proficient mastery of multimeter usage is one of the most basic skills in electronic technology. Common multimeters include analog multimeters and digital multimeters. An analog multimeter is a multifunctional measuring instrument with a meter head as the core component, and the measured value is read from the pointer indication of the meter head. The measured value of a digital multimeter is directly displayed in numerical form on an LCD screen, making it easy to read, and some also have voice prompt functions. A multimeter is an instrument that integrates a voltmeter, ammeter, and ohmmeter using a common meter head. The DC current range of a multimeter is a multi-range DC voltmeter. Connecting a shunt resistor in parallel with the meter head can expand its current range. The DC voltage range of a multimeter is a multi-range DC voltmeter. Connecting a voltage divider resistor in series with the meter head can expand its voltage range. Different voltage divider resistors result in different ranges. The meter head of a multimeter is a magnetoelectric measuring mechanism, which can only pass DC. By using diodes to convert AC to DC, AC measurements can be achieved.

idv electrical component principles

A circuit breaker generally consists of a contact system, arc extinguishing system, operating mechanism, trip unit, and housing. During a short circuit, the magnetic field generated by the large current overcomes the reaction spring, and the trip unit pulls the operating mechanism to act, causing the switch to trip instantly. During an overload, the current increases, intensifying the heat generation, and the bimetallic strip deforms to a certain extent to push the mechanism into action (the larger the current, the shorter the action time). There are electronic types that use current transformers to collect the current magnitude of each phase, compare it with the set value, and when the current is abnormal, the microprocessor sends a signal to make the electronic trip unit drive the operating mechanism into action. The function of a circuit breaker is to cut off and connect load circuits, as well as to cut off fault circuits, prevent accidents from expanding, and ensure safe operation. Arc extinguishing is a problem that must be solved by high-voltage circuit breakers. The principle of blowing out and extinguishing arcs mainly involves cooling the arc to weaken thermal ionization, and on the other hand, stretching the arc by blowing to strengthen the recombination and diffusion of charged particles, while simultaneously blowing away the charged particles in the arc gap, rapidly restoring the insulation strength of the medium. Low-voltage circuit breakers, also known as automatic air switches, can be used to connect and disconnect load circuits, and can also be used to control motors that do not start frequently. Its function is equivalent to the sum of part or all of the functions of electrical devices such as knife switches, overcurrent relays, undervoltage relays, thermal relays, and leakage protectors, making it an important protective device in low-voltage distribution networks. Low-voltage circuit breakers have multiple protection functions (overload, short-circuit, undervoltage protection, etc.), adjustable action values, high breaking capacity, convenient operation, and safety advantages, so they are widely used. Structure and working principle: Low-voltage circuit breakers consist of an operating mechanism, contacts, protection devices (various trip units), and arc extinguishing systems. The main contacts of a low-voltage circuit breaker are closed manually or electrically. After the main contacts are closed, the free-trip mechanism locks the main contacts in the closed position. The coil of the overcurrent trip unit and the thermal element of the thermal trip unit are connected in series with the main circuit, and the coil of the undervoltage trip unit is connected in parallel with the power supply. When a short circuit or severe overload occurs in the circuit, the armature of the overcurrent trip unit attracts, causing the free-trip mechanism to act and the main contacts to disconnect the main circuit. When the circuit is overloaded, the thermal element of the thermal trip unit heats up, causing the bimetallic strip to bend and push the free-trip mechanism into action. When the circuit voltage is low, the armature of the undervoltage trip unit releases, also causing the free-trip mechanism to act. The shunt trip unit is used for remote control; during normal operation, its coil is de-energized, and when remote control is needed, pressing the start button energizes the coil.

idv electrical component applications

Thermistors can also be used as electronic circuit components for temperature compensation in instrument circuits and cold junction temperature compensation in thermocouples. Utilizing the self-heating characteristics of NTC thermistors can achieve automatic gain control, forming RC oscillator amplitude stabilization circuits, delay circuits, and protection circuits. When the self-heating temperature is much higher than the ambient temperature, the resistance is also related to the heat dissipation conditions of the environment, so this characteristic of thermistors is often utilized in flow meters, gas analyzers, and thermal conductivity analysis to create specialized detection elements. PTC thermistors are mainly used for overheating protection of electrical equipment, non-contact relays, constant temperature, automatic gain control, motor starting, time delay, automatic degaussing of color TVs, fire alarms, and temperature compensation. Main disadvantages: (1) The relationship between resistance and temperature is severely nonlinear; (2) Poor consistency and interchangeability of components; (3) Components are prone to aging and have poor stability; (4) Except for special high-temperature thermistors, most thermistors are only suitable for the 0～154℃ range, which must be noted during use.

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