ifm electronic electrical components German ifm electronic models ifm electronic prices

ifm electronic electrical components are switches controlled by electromagnets, that is, a combination of an electromagnet and a switch. When the electromagnet coil is energized, it generates electromagnetic attraction, causing the movable iron core to push or pull the switch contacts to close, thereby connecting the controlled circuit. Electromagnetic switches are widely used in various industries, most commonly as contactors in the industrial sector. An electromagnetic switch is the control switch on a starter motor and is one of the three major components of a starter (DC motor, transmission engagement mechanism, electromagnetic switch). Its working principle is that the coil generates electromagnetic attraction when energized, causing the movable iron core to move, which on one hand pulls the transmission engagement mechanism to move the starter pinion forward to engage with the engine flywheel ring gear, and on the other hand pushes the switch contacts to connect, allowing the DC motor to be energized and operate, thereby driving the engine to start.

ifm electronic electrical component principles

A DC power supply has two electrodes, positive and negative. The positive electrode has a higher potential, and the negative electrode has a lower potential. When the two electrodes are connected to a circuit, they maintain a constant potential difference between the two ends of the circuit, thereby forming a current from the positive electrode to the negative electrode in the external circuit. Relying solely on the difference in water levels cannot maintain a steady water flow, but using a pump to continuously move water from a low level to a high level can maintain a certain water level difference and form a steady water flow. Similarly, relying solely on the electrostatic field generated by electric charges cannot maintain a steady current. However, with a DC power supply, non-electrostatic forces (referred to as "non-electrostatic force") can be used to move positive charges from the negative electrode with lower potential through the interior of the power supply back to the positive electrode with higher potential, thereby maintaining the potential difference between the two electrodes and forming a steady current. Therefore, a DC power supply is an energy conversion device that converts other forms of energy into electrical energy to supply the circuit, maintaining the steady flow of current.

ifm electronic electrical component characteristics

The static characteristics of a sensor refer to the relationship between the output quantity and the input quantity for static input signals. Since the input and output quantities are independent of time in this case, their relationship, i.e., the static characteristics of the sensor, can be described by an algebraic equation without time variables, or by a characteristic curve plotted with the input quantity as the abscissa and the corresponding output quantity as the ordinate. The main parameters characterizing the static characteristics of a sensor include: linearity, sensitivity, hysteresis, repeatability, drift, etc. (1) Linearity: Refers to the degree to which the actual relationship curve between the sensor output and input deviates from the fitted straight line. It is defined as the ratio of the maximum deviation between the actual characteristic curve and the fitted straight line over the full scale range to the full-scale output value. (2) Sensitivity: Sensitivity is an important indicator of the static characteristics of a sensor. It is defined as the ratio of the increment in the output quantity to the corresponding increment in the input quantity that causes this increment. Use S to represent sensitivity. (3) Hysteresis: Hysteresis is the phenomenon where the input-output characteristic curves do not coincide when the input quantity changes from small to large (forward stroke) and from large to small (reverse stroke). For the same magnitude of input signal, the output signals of the sensor during the forward and reverse strokes are not equal; this difference is called the hysteresis error. (4) Repeatability: Repeatability refers to the degree of inconsistency in the characteristic curves obtained when the sensor input quantity undergoes continuous multiple full-scale changes in the same direction. (5) Drift: Sensor drift refers to the phenomenon where the sensor output changes over time while the input quantity remains constant. There are two causes of drift: one is the sensor's own structural parameters; the other is the surrounding environment (such as temperature, humidity, etc.). (6) Resolution: When the sensor input increases slowly from a non-zero value, the output undergoes an observable change after exceeding a certain increment. This input increment is called the sensor's resolution, i.e., the minimum input increment. (7) Threshold: When the sensor input increases slowly from zero, the output undergoes an observable change after reaching a certain value. This input value is called the sensor's threshold voltage.

ifm electronic electrical component principles

The working principle of a discharge tube is gas gap discharge. i When a certain voltage is applied between the two poles of the discharge tube, a non-uniform electric field is generated between the poles. Under the action of this electric field, the gas inside the tube begins to ionize. When the external voltage increases to the point where the field strength between the poles exceeds the insulation strength of the gas, the gap between the two poles breaks down and discharges, transforming from an original insulating state to a conductive state. After conduction, the voltage between the two poles of the discharge tube is maintained at the residual voltage level determined by the discharge arc channel. This residual voltage is generally very low, thereby protecting electronic equipment connected in parallel with the discharge tube from damage due to overvoltage.

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