jacob electrical components Germany jacob model jacob price

jacob electrical component is a resistive device with nonlinear volt-ampere characteristics, mainly used for voltage clamping when the circuit is subjected to overvoltage, absorbing excess current to protect sensitive devices. The resistor body material of the varistor is semiconductor, so it is a type of semiconductor resistor. The currently widely used "zinc oxide" varistor has a main body composed of divalent element zinc and hexavalent element oxygen. Therefore, from a material perspective, the zinc oxide varistor is a "II-VI group oxide semiconductor". In Taiwan, China, varistors are called "surge absorbers", sometimes also referred to as "electric shock (surge) suppressors (absorbers)". A varistor is a voltage-limiting protection device. Utilizing the nonlinear characteristics of the varistor, when overvoltage appears between the two poles of the varistor, the varistor can clamp the voltage to a relatively fixed voltage value, thereby achieving protection for the subsequent circuit. The main parameters of a varistor include: varistor voltage, current handling capacity, junction capacitance, response time, etc. The response time of a varistor is at the ns level, faster than gas discharge tubes, but slightly slower than TVS tubes. Generally, its response speed can meet the requirements for overvoltage protection in electronic circuits. The junction capacitance of a varistor is generally in the range of hundreds to thousands of Pf, and in many cases it is not suitable for direct application in the protection of high-frequency signal lines. When applied in AC circuit protection, because its larger junction capacitance will increase leakage current, this needs to be fully considered in the design of protection circuits. The current handling capacity of a varistor is relatively large, but smaller than that of gas discharge tubes. Varistors are abbreviated as VDR, and are nonlinear overvoltage protection semiconductor components sensitive to voltage.

jacob electrical component classification

1. Classification by relay external dimensions: ① miniature relay, ② ultra-miniature relay, ③ small miniature relay. 2. Classification by relay load: ① micro-power relay, ② weak-power relay, ③ medium-power relay, ④ high-power relay. 9. Classification by relay protection features: ① Sealed relay: adopts welding or other methods to seal contacts and coils inside a cover, isolating them from the surrounding medium, resulting in a low leakage rate. ② Enclosed relay: uses a housing to seal (non-hermetic) and protect contacts and coils. ③ Open relay: does not use a protective cover to protect contacts and coils. Among the above relays, electromagnetic relays and reed relays are the most commonly used in electronic fabrication.

jacob electrical component principle

Bipolar junction transistors are divided into two types by material: germanium transistors and silicon transistors. Each type has two structural forms: NPN and PNP. However, the most commonly used are silicon NPN and germanium PNP transistors. (Among them, N means negative pole; N-type semiconductor is formed by adding phosphorus to high-purity silicon to replace some silicon atoms, generating free electrons for conduction under voltage stimulation. P means positive pole, formed by adding boron to replace silicon, generating a large number of holes to facilitate conduction). Apart from different power supply polarities, their working principles are the same. The following only introduces the current amplification principle of NPN silicon transistors. An NPN transistor consists of 10 pieces of N-type semiconductor sandwiching one piece of P-type semiconductor. The PN junction formed between the emitter region and the base region is called the emitter junction, and the PN junction formed between the collector region and the base region is called the collector junction. The three leads are called the emitter e, base b, and collector c. When the potential at point b is higher than the potential at point e by a few tenths of a volt, the emitter junction is in forward bias. When the potential at point C is higher than the potential at point b by a few volts, the collector junction is in reverse bias. The collector power supply Ec must be higher than the base power supply Eb. During transistor manufacturing, the majority carrier concentration in the emitter region is intentionally made greater than that in the base region. At the same time, the base region is made very thin, and impurity content is strictly controlled. Thus, once power is connected, due to the forward bias of the emitter junction, the majority carriers (electrons) in the emitter region and the majority carriers (holes) in the base region easily diffuse across the emitter junction towards each other. However, since the former's concentration is much greater than the latter's, the current passing through the emitter junction is basically an electron flow, known as the emitter electron current.

jacob electrical component classification

Generator classifications include: ① Generators are divided into DC generators and AC generators; ② AC generators are divided into synchronous generators and asynchronous generators (rarely used); ③ AC generators can also be divided into single-phase generators and three-phase generators. There are many types of generators. Principally, they are divided into synchronous generators, asynchronous generators, single-phase generators, and three-phase generators. By generation method, they are divided into steam turbine generators, hydro-turbine generators, diesel generators, gasoline generators, etc. By energy source, they are divided into thermal power generators, hydropower generators, etc.

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