KEM electrical components, German KEM models, KEM pricing

KEM electrical components are linear devices based on metallic induction. The function of a sensor is to convert various measured physical quantities into electrical signals. In production processes, displacement measurement is generally divided into two types: measuring physical dimensions and measuring mechanical displacement. Depending on the form of transformation of the measured variable, displacement sensors can be classified as analog or digital. Analog types can be further divided into property-based and structural types. Commonly used displacement sensors are predominantly analog structural types, including potentiometric displacement sensors, inductive displacement sensors, synchros, capacitive displacement sensors, eddy-current displacement sensors, and Hall-effect displacement sensors. A significant advantage of digital displacement sensors is that they facilitate direct signal input into computer systems. Displacement is a quantity related to the movement of an object's position during motion, and the scope of displacement measurement methods is quite extensive. Small displacements are typically detected using strain-gauge, inductive, differential transformer, eddy-current, and Hall-effect sensors. Large displacements are commonly measured using sensing technologies such as induction synchronizers, optical gratings, capacitive gratings, and magnetic gratings. Among these, optical grating sensors are increasingly widely used in industries such as machine tool machining and testing instruments due to advantages such as ease of digitization, high precision (with current highest resolution reaching the nanometer level), strong anti-interference capability, absence of human reading errors, convenient installation, and reliable operation.

KEM Electrical Component Classification

(1) Point-contact diodes have a small PN junction contact area, cannot pass large forward currents or withstand high reverse voltages, but offer good high-frequency performance, making them suitable for use in high-frequency detection circuits and switching circuits. (2) Surface-contact diodes have a large PN junction contact area, can pass larger currents, and can withstand higher reverse voltages, making them suitable for use in rectifier circuits. (3) Planar diodes have a small PN junction area when used as switching tubes in pulse digital circuits, and a larger PN junction area when used for high-power rectification. (4) Zener diodes are a special type of surface-contact semiconductor silicon diode with voltage stabilization functionality. The main difference between Zener diodes and ordinary diodes is that Zener diodes operate in the reverse breakdown state of the PN junction. By implementing process measures during manufacturing and limiting the magnitude of reverse current during use, it is ensured that the Zener diode will not be damaged by overheating in the reverse breakdown state. Unlike general diodes, the reverse breakdown of a Zener diode is reversible; as long as the current does not exceed the allowable value for the Zener diode, the PN junction will not suffer thermal damage. When the external reverse voltage is removed, the Zener diode restores its original performance, so Zener diodes exhibit good repetitive breakdown characteristics. (5) Photodiodes, also known as photosensitive diodes, have a glass window on their casing to facilitate light reception. Their characteristic is that when light irradiates their PN junction, free electrons and holes are generated in pairs, increasing the concentration of minority carriers in the semiconductor. Under a certain reverse bias voltage, this causes the reverse current to increase. Therefore, the reverse current increases linearly with increasing light intensity. In the absence of light, the volt-ampere characteristics of a photodiode are the same as those of an ordinary diode. As light-controlled components, photodiodes can be used for various object detection, photoelectric control, and automatic alarm applications. When manufactured as large-area photodiodes, they can serve as an energy source and are called solar cells. In this case, they do not require an external power supply and can directly convert light energy into electrical energy. (6) Light-emitting diodes are solid-state semiconductor display devices that directly convert electrical energy into light energy, abbreviated as LED. Similar to ordinary diodes, light-emitting diodes are also formed by a PN junction. The PN junction of a light-emitting diode is encapsulated in a transparent plastic housing, with shapes including square, rectangular, and circular. Light-emitting diodes offer advantages such as low drive voltage, small operating current, strong resistance to vibration and shock, small size, high reliability, low power consumption, and long service life, and are widely used in signal indication circuits. In electronic technology, common numeric displays utilize light-emitting diodes. The principle of light-emitting diodes is opposite to that of photodiodes. When a light-emitting diode is forward-biased and current passes through it, it emits light due to the energy released when electrons and holes recombine directly. Its spectral range is relatively narrow, and its wavelength depends on the base material used.

KEM Electrical Component Characteristics

(1) Loudspeakers have two terminals (two lead wires). When a single loudspeaker is used, the two pins are not distinguished by polarity; when multiple loudspeakers are used simultaneously, the two pins have polarity distinctions. (2) Loudspeakers have a paper cone, which is typically black, though white is also available. (3) Loudspeaker shapes fall into several major categories, including circular, square, and oval. (4) The back of the loudspeaker paper cone features a magnet. With external-magnet loudspeakers, touching the magnet with a metal screwdriver reveals the presence of magnetism; internal-magnet loudspeakers do not exhibit this sensation externally, although there is indeed a magnet inside the housing. (5) Loudspeakers are mounted on machine panels or inside speaker enclosures.

KEM Electrical Component Functions

The primary function of ferrite beads is to eliminate RF noise present in transmission line structures (circuits). RF energy consists of AC sinusoidal components superimposed on the DC transmission level, where the DC component is the required useful signal. To eliminate this unwanted signal energy, chip ferrite beads act as high-frequency resistors (attenuators). Ferrite beads have high resistivity and permeability, equivalent to a resistor and inductor in series, but both resistance and inductance values vary with frequency. They offer better high-frequency filtering characteristics than ordinary inductors, exhibiting resistive behavior at high frequencies, thereby maintaining high impedance over a relatively wide frequency range and improving FM filtering effectiveness. Inductors can be used for power supply filtering. The circuit symbol for a ferrite bead is the same as that for an inductor, but the model number indicates the use of a ferrite bead. In terms of circuit function, ferrite beads and inductors operate on the same principle, differing only in their frequency characteristics. The DC component is the required useful signal, whereas RF RF energy constitutes useless electromagnetic interference transmitted and radiated along the line. To eliminate this unwanted signal energy, chip ferrite beads act as high-frequency resistors (attenuators); this device allows DC signals to pass while filtering out AC signals. Ferrite beads have high resistivity and permeability, equivalent to a resistor and inductor in series. In a circuit, the wire simply passes through it. High-frequency current dissipates as heat within it; its equivalent circuit is an inductor and a resistor in series, with the values of both components proportional to the length of the ferrite bead. Some ferrite beads have multiple holes; passing the wire through them increases component impedance (proportional to the square of the number of times the wire passes through the bead). Ferrite beads can not only be used in power supply circuits to filter high-frequency noise (suitable for both DC and AC outputs) but are also widely applicable in other circuits.

Weidou Intelligent Technology specializes in selling German KEM connectors, KEM switches, KEM relays, KEM controllers, KEM plugs, KEM sensors, KEM resistors, KEM capacitors, KEM buses, KEM modules, KEM cables, KEM power supplies, KEM interfaces, KEM gateways, and KEM circuit breakers. KEM products are original imports from Germany. Customers are welcome to inquire and place orders.