KIRA electrical components German KIRA models KIRA prices

KIRA electrical components are active-matrix liquid crystal displays driven by thin-film transistors. They primarily use current to stimulate liquid crystal molecules to generate points, lines, and planes, which combine with backlight tubes to form an image. IPS, TFT, and SLCD are all subclasses of LCD. Their operating principle is that, under the influence of an electric field, the alignment direction of liquid crystal molecules changes, altering the transmittance of external light sources (modulation) to achieve electro-optical conversion. Then, using different excitations from the R, G, and B primary color signals, and passing through red, green, and blue primary color filter films, they complete the temporal and spatial color reproduction.

KIRA electrical component principles

In addition to the function of photodiodes in converting optical signals into electrical signals, phototransistors also have the function of amplifying electrical signals. The appearance of a phototransistor is not much different from that of a general transistor. Generally, a phototransistor has only two leads—the emitter and the collector—while the base is not led out. The casing also has a window to allow light to enter. To increase light exposure, the base region area is made large, while the emitter region is small; incident light is mainly absorbed by the base region. During operation, the collector junction is reverse-biased, and the emitter junction is forward-biased. In the absence of light, the current flowing through the tube is the dark current Iceo = (1 + β) Icbo (very small), which is smaller than the penetration current of general transistors. When illuminated, a large number of electron-hole pairs are generated, causing the base current Ib to increase. The current flowing through the tube at this moment is called the photocurrent, and the emitter current Ie = (6 + β) Ib. It can be seen that phototransistors have higher sensitivity than photodiodes.

KIRA electrical component structure

The structure of power cords is not very complex, but it cannot be simply understood at a glance. If you study power cords carefully, some aspects require professional knowledge to understand their structure. The structure of a power cord mainly consists of an outer sheath, an inner sheath, and conductors. Common transmission conductors include metal wires such as copper and aluminum. (1) The outer sheath, also known as the protective sheath, is the outermost layer of the power cord. This outer sheath protects the power cord and has strong characteristics, such as high temperature resistance, low temperature resistance, resistance to natural light interference, good flexibility, long service life, and environmentally friendly materials. (2) The inner sheath, also known as the insulating sheath, is an indispensable intermediate part of the power cord. As the name suggests, the main function of the insulating sheath is insulation, ensuring the electrical safety of the power cord and preventing any leakage between the copper wires and the air. The material of the insulating sheath must be soft to ensure it fits well in the intermediate layer. (3) Copper wires are the core part of the power cord, serving as the carrier for current and voltage. The density of the copper wires directly affects the quality of the power cord. The material of the power cord is also an important factor in quality control, and the quantity and flexibility of the copper wires are also considerations. (4) The inner sheath is a layer of material wrapped between the shielding layer and the wire core, typically made of polyvinyl chloride (PVC) or polyethylene (PE). Low-smoke zero-halogen materials are also used. Used in accordance with process regulations, it prevents the insulation layer from coming into contact with water, air, or other objects, avoiding moisture absorption and mechanical damage to the insulation layer.

KIRA electrical component features

1 Varactor diodes are semiconductor devices manufactured based on the principle of variable capacitance across a PN junction. They are used as variable capacitors in high-frequency tuning, communication, and other circuits. Varactor diodes belong to the category of reverse-biased diodes. Changing the reverse bias voltage across the PN junction changes the junction capacitance. The higher the reverse bias voltage, the lower the junction capacitance. The relationship between reverse bias voltage and junction capacitance is nonlinear. 4 Diagram of the relationship between varactor diode capacitance and reverse bias voltage: (a) Increasing reverse bias causes capacitance to decrease; (b) Decreasing reverse bias causes capacitance to increase. The capacitance tolerance range defines the specified capacitance range of a varactor diode. Datasheets will display the minimum, nominal, and maximum values, which are often plotted on graphs.

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