Adaptronic electrical components Germany Adaptronic model Adaptronic price

Adaptronic electrical components refer to the aggregate of service equipment provided to a specific group of traffic sources, such as trunk lines, switching devices, control systems, etc. The fundamental research content of traffic theory is to study the relationship among traffic volume, call loss, and bundle capacity; therefore, the trunk bundle is an important basic concept in traffic theory. A traffic source is the service object of the trunk bundle, usually referring to user equipment; broadly speaking, the upper-level equipment is the traffic source for the lower-level equipment. In telephone communication, the traffic source is also called the call source. The number of service devices contained in the trunk bundle is called the bundle capacity. Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the trunk bundle. The capacity of this bundle is V, and it provides service to N traffic sources. Any traffic source initiating a call can occupy an idle service device in the bundle.

Adaptronic electrical components principle

An NPN type bipolar transistor can be viewed as two diodes connected together with a common anode. In the normal operating state of a bipolar transistor, the base-emitter junction is forward-biased, while the base-collector junction is reverse-biased. When no external voltage is applied, the electron concentration in the N region of the emitter junction is greater than that in the P region, and some electrons will diffuse into the P region. Similarly, some holes in the P region will also diffuse into the N region. Thus, a space charge region forms at the emitter junction, generating an internal electric field directed from the N region to the P region. This field hinders further diffusion, achieving dynamic equilibrium. At this point, if a forward voltage is applied to the emitter junction, the dynamic equilibrium between the carrier diffusion movement and the internal electric field in the depletion layer is broken, causing thermally excited electrons to inject into the base region. In an NPN type transistor, the base region is P type doped, where holes are the majority carriers; therefore, electrons in this region are called "minority carriers." Electrons injected from the emitter into the base region partly recombine with the majority carriers (holes) there. On the other hand, due to the low doping level and thin physical dimensions of the base region, and because the collector junction is reverse-biased, most electrons reach the collector region via drift motion, forming the collector current. To minimize recombination before electrons reach the collector junction, the base region of the transistor must be made sufficiently thin so that the time required for carrier diffusion is shorter than the lifetime of semiconductor minority carriers. Meanwhile, the base thickness must be much smaller than the electron diffusion length. In modern bipolar transistors, the typical base region thickness is a few tenths of a micrometer. It should be noted that although both the collector and emitter are N type doped, their doping levels and physical properties are not identical. Therefore, a bipolar transistor must be distinguished from a configuration of two diodes connected in series in opposite directions.

Adaptronic electrical components function

Antennas radiate radio waves and receive radio waves. However, what the transmitter feeds into the antenna through the feeder is not radio waves, nor can the receiving antenna directly feed radio waves into the receiver via the feeder; an energy conversion process is required. Below, we analyze the signal transmission process using radio communication equipment as an example to illustrate the energy conversion role of the antenna. At the transmitting end, the modulated high-frequency oscillating current (energy) generated by the transmitter is input to the transmitting antenna via the feeding device (the feeding device may directly transmit current waves or electromagnetic waves depending on frequency and form). The transmitting antenna converts the high-frequency current or guided wave (energy) into radio waves—free electromagnetic waves (energy)—radiating them into the surrounding space. At the receiving end, radio waves (energy) are converted by the receiving antenna into high-frequency current or guided waves (energy), which are transmitted to the receiver via the feeding device. From the above process, it can be seen that the antenna is not only a device for radiating and receiving radio waves but also an energy converter, serving as the interface component between the circuit and space.

Adaptronic electrical components features

Among various types of switches, there is a component capable of "sensing" objects approaching it—the displacement sensor. Utilizing the sensitivity of the displacement sensor to approaching objects achieves the purpose of controlling the switch to turn on or off; this is a proximity switch. Only when an object moves toward the proximity switch and approaches within a certain distance does the displacement sensor "sense" it, causing the switch to actuate. This distance is usually called the "detection distance." Different proximity switches have different detection distances. Sometimes, detected objects move toward the proximity switch one by one at certain time intervals and then leave one by one, repeating continuously. Different proximity switches have different response capabilities to the detected objects. This response characteristic is called the "response frequency."

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