EFAPEL electrical components Germany EFAPEL model EFAPEL price

EFAPEL electrical components are a common light-emitting device that emits light by releasing energy through the recombination of electrons and holes, and they are widely used in the lighting field. Light-emitting diodes can efficiently convert electrical energy into light energy and have a wide range of applications in modern society, such as lighting, flat panel displays, and medical devices. This electronic component first appeared in 1962, initially only emitting low-intensity red light. Later, versions emitting other monochromatic lights were developed, with emitted light covering the visible spectrum, infrared, and ultraviolet ranges, and luminous intensity significantly increased. Its applications also evolved from initially serving as indicator lights and display panels; light-emitting diodes are abbreviated as LED. They are made from compounds containing gallium, arsenic, phosphorus, nitrogen, etc. When electrons and holes recombine, they emit visible light, allowing them to be used to manufacture light-emitting diodes. In circuits and instruments, they serve as indicator lights or form text and numeric displays. Gallium arsenide diodes emit red light, gallium phosphide diodes emit green light, silicon carbide diodes emit yellow light, and gallium nitride diodes emit blue light. Based on chemical properties, they are divided into organic light-emitting diodes (OLED) and inorganic light-emitting diodes (LED). LED was initially used for indicative lighting in instruments and meters, later expanding to traffic signals, landscape lighting, automotive lighting, and mobile phone keypads and backlights. Later, new technology for micro-light-emitting diodes (micro-LED) was developed, which significantly reduced the size of traditional light-emitting diodes. Arrays of independently emitting red, blue, and green micro-LEDs form display arrays for display technology applications. Micro-LEDs feature self-emissive display characteristics, offering higher efficiency, longer lifespan, and greater stability with less susceptibility to environmental influences compared to self-emissive organic light-emitting diodes.

EFAPEL electrical component parameters

The main parameters of transistors include current amplification factor, power dissipation, frequency characteristics, maximum collector current, maximum reverse voltage, and reverse current. Amplification factor: The DC current amplification factor, also known as the static current amplification factor or DC amplification ratio, refers to the ratio of collector current to base current in a transistor when there is no changing signal input under static conditions. AC amplification factor: The AC amplification factor, also known as the AC current amplification coefficient or dynamic current amplification coefficient, refers to the ratio of the change in collector current to the change in base current in a transistor under AC conditions. Power dissipation: Power dissipation, also known as the maximum allowable collector power dissipation PCM, refers to the maximum collector power dissipation when transistor parameter variations do not exceed specified allowable limits. Power dissipation is closely related to the transistor's maximum allowable junction temperature and maximum collector current. During use, the actual power consumption of a transistor must not exceed the PCM value; otherwise, the transistor may be damaged due to overload. When the operating frequency of a transistor exceeds its cutoff frequency, its current amplification factor decreases as frequency increases. The maximum oscillation frequency refers to the frequency at which the transistor's power gain drops to 9. Typically, the maximum oscillation frequency of high-frequency transistors is lower than the common-base cutoff frequency, while the characteristic frequency is higher than the common-base cutoff frequency but lower than the common-collector cutoff frequency. Maximum current: The maximum collector current refers to the maximum current allowed to pass through the transistor's collector. Maximum reverse voltage: The maximum reverse voltage refers to the highest working voltage allowed to be applied to the transistor during operation. It includes the collector-emitter reverse breakdown voltage, collector-base reverse breakdown voltage, and emitter-base reverse breakdown voltage. Collector reverse breakdown voltage refers to the maximum allowable reverse voltage between the collector and emitter when the transistor base is open. Base reverse breakdown voltage refers to the maximum allowable reverse voltage between the collector and base when the transistor emitter is open. Emitter reverse breakdown voltage refers to the maximum allowable reverse voltage between the emitter and base when the transistor collector is open. The reverse current between bases, also known as the collector junction reverse leakage current, refers to the reverse current between the collector and base when the transistor emitter is open. The reverse breakdown current between emitters refers to the reverse leakage current between the collector and emitter when the transistor base is open, also known as penetration current. A smaller value of this current indicates better transistor performance.

EFAPEL electrical component composition

Internal accessories of circuit breakers: Auxiliary contacts are mechanically linked to the opening and closing mechanism of the circuit breaker's main circuit. They are primarily used to indicate the open/closed status of the circuit breaker and are connected in the control circuit to implement control or interlocking functions for related electrical devices through the breaker's operation. Alarm contacts are used for accident alarms in circuit breakers. These contacts only activate after the circuit breaker trips and opens. They are mainly used when the breaker freely trips due to faults such as overload, short circuit, or undervoltage in the load. The alarm contact switches from its normally open position to a closed position, connecting indicator lights, bells, buzzers, etc., in the auxiliary circuit to display or alert about the fault trip status of the circuit breaker. Since the probability of free tripping due to load faults is relatively low. Shunt release: A shunt release is a tripping device energized by a voltage source, whose voltage is independent of the main circuit voltage. It is an accessory for remote opening operation. When the supply voltage equals any voltage between 70% and 110% of the rated control power supply voltage, the circuit breaker can reliably open. The shunt release operates on a short-time duty cycle; the coil energization time generally must not exceed 6S, otherwise the coil will burn out. To prevent coil burnout in molded case circuit breakers, a microswitch is connected in series with the shunt release coil. When the shunt release engages via the armature, the microswitch changes from normally closed to normally open. Since the control circuit for the shunt release power is cut off, even if the button is manually held down, the shunt coil will not remain energized, thus avoiding coil damage. After the circuit breaker is reclosed, the microswitch returns to its normally closed position. Undervoltage release: An undervoltage release is a tripping device that causes the circuit breaker to open with or without delay when its terminal voltage drops to a specified range. Under thermal conditions, it must ensure reliable closure of the circuit breaker. Therefore, when a certain voltage drop occurs in the protected circuit's power supply, it automatically opens the circuit breaker to cut off power, protecting downstream loads or electrical equipment from undervoltage damage. During use, the undervoltage release coil is connected to the power side of the circuit breaker; the circuit breaker can only close after the undervoltage release is energized.

EFAPEL electrical component classification

Standard power supplies can be subdivided into: switching power supplies, inverter power supplies, AC stabilized power supplies, DC stabilized power supplies, DC/DC power supplies, communication power supplies, module power supplies, variable frequency power supplies, UPS power supplies, EPS emergency power supplies, purified power supplies, PC power supplies, rectifier power supplies, custom power supplies, heating power supplies, welding/arc power supplies, electroplating power supplies, network power supplies, power operation power supplies, adapter power supplies, linear power supplies, power controllers/drivers, power supplies, other standard power supplies, parameter power supplies, voltage-regulating power supplies, transformer power supplies. Special power supplies can be subdivided into: shore power supplies, security power supplies, high-voltage power supplies, medical power supplies, military power supplies, aerospace power supplies, laser power supplies, other special power supplies.

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