EFFEFF electrical components Germany EFFEFF model EFFEFF price

EFFEFF electrical components are commonly used temperature-sensing elements in temperature measurement instruments. They directly measure temperature and convert the temperature signal into a thermoelectric EMF signal, which is then converted into the temperature of the measured medium by an electrical instrument (secondary instrument). The external shapes of various thermocouples often differ significantly depending on requirements, but their basic structures are largely similar, typically consisting of main parts such as hot electrodes, insulating protective tubes, and terminal blocks. They are usually used in conjunction with display instruments, recording instruments, and electronic regulators. In industrial production processes, temperature is one of the important parameters that need to be measured and controlled. In temperature measurement, thermocouples are extremely widely used. They have many advantages, such as simple structure, ease of manufacturing, wide measurement range, high accuracy, low inertia, and output signals that are easy to transmit over long distances. In addition, since a thermocouple is a passive sensor that does not require an external power supply during measurement, it is very convenient to use. Therefore, it is often used to measure the temperature of gases or liquids inside furnaces and pipelines, as well as the surface temperature of solids.

EFFEFF electrical component classification

Based on structural differences, they are classified into full-availability trunks, partial-availability trunks, and link systems; based on service methods, they are classified into loss-system trunks and waiting-system trunks (see stochastic service systems); based on the number of traffic sources served, they are classified into infinite-source trunks and finite-source trunks. In telecommunication systems, equipment directly used for communication between users is mostly an infinite-source, loss-system, full-availability link system, while equipment used to control the connection process of communication devices is mostly an infinite-source, waiting-system, full-availability system. When the number of traffic sources is not very large relative to the trunk capacity, a finite-source full-availability system or partial-availability system is generally adopted. Based on the call behavior of traffic sources, i.e., whether users make new call attempts after a failed call, trunks can be divided into repeated-call systems and non-repeated-call systems. Actual communication systems all involve repeated calls; non-repeated-call systems are an approximation of repeated-call systems. ① Full-availability trunks. If any service device (trunk line or selector) in the trunk can be used by any traffic source in the group of traffic sources it serves, such a trunk is called a full-availability trunk. ② Partial-availability trunks. If any traffic source in the traffic source group can only use part of the service devices in the trunk, such a trunk is called a partial-availability trunk. Partial-availability trunks divide the traffic source group into several subgroups, performing grading and multiple connections between the outlets of the traffic groups. This structure can be described by the example shown in the figure below.

EFFEFF electrical component applications

The main application of rectifiers is to convert AC power to DC power. Since all electronic devices require DC power, but the power supplied by utility companies is AC, rectifiers are indispensable inside the power supplies of all electronic devices unless batteries are used. Converting the voltage of a DC power supply is much more complex. One method of DC-to-DC conversion is to first convert the power to AC (using a device called an inverter), then use a transformer to change the AC voltage, and finally rectify it back to DC power. Rectifiers are also used for demodulation of AM radio signals. The signal may be amplified (increasing the amplitude of the signal) before demodulation; if it is not amplified, diodes with very low voltage drop must be used. When using rectifiers for demodulation, care must be taken to match capacitors and load resistors. If the capacitance is too small, excessive high-frequency components will pass through; if it is too large, the signal will be suppressed. Rectifier devices are also used to provide fixed-polarity voltage required for electric welding. Sometimes the output current of such circuits needs to be controlled; in this case, thyristors (a type of silicon-controlled rectifier) replace the diodes in bridge rectifiers, and their voltage output is adjusted via phase-control triggering. Thyristors are also used in railway locomotive systems at various levels to achieve fine adjustment of traction motors.

EFFEFF electrical component functions

A relay is an automatic switching component with isolation functions, widely used in remote control, telemetry, communications, automatic control, mechatronics, and power electronic equipment, and is one of the most important control components. Relays generally have a sensing mechanism (input part) that can respond to certain input variables (such as current, voltage, power, impedance, frequency, temperature, pressure, speed, light, etc.); an actuating mechanism (output part) that can implement "on" and "off" control of the controlled circuit; and between the input and output parts of the relay, there is an intermediate mechanism (drive part) that couples and isolates the input quantity, performs functional processing, and drives the output part. As a control component, relays generally have the following functions: ① Expanding the control range: For example, when the control signal of a multi-contact relay reaches a certain value, it can simultaneously switch, disconnect, or connect multiple circuits according to different forms of contact groups. ② Amplification: For example, sensitive relays and intermediate relays can control high-power circuits with a very small control quantity. ③ Signal integration: For example, when multiple control signals are input into a multi-winding relay in a specified form, they are compared and integrated to achieve the predetermined control effect. ④ Automatic, remote control, and monitoring: For example, relays on automatic devices can form program control circuits together with other electrical appliances, thereby achieving automated operation.

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