electraplan electrical components Germany electraplan model electraplan price

electraplan electrical components are detection devices that can sense measured information and convert the sensed information into electrical signals or other required forms of output according to certain rules, to meet the requirements for information transmission, processing, storage, display, recording, and control. The existence and development of sensors give objects senses such as touch, taste, and smell, bringing objects to life; sensors are an extension of human senses. Sensors feature miniaturization, digitization, intelligence, multifunctionality, systematization, and networking. They are the primary link in achieving automatic detection and automatic control. A device or apparatus that can sense a specified measured quantity and convert it into a usable signal according to a certain rule (mathematical function law), typically composed of a sensitive element and a conversion element.

electraplan electrical component parameters

1. Voltage temperature coefficient: Refers to the rate of change of the nominal voltage of a varistor within a specified temperature range, i.e., the relative change in voltage across the varistor when the temperature changes while the current through the varistor remains constant. 2. Current temperature coefficient: Refers to the relative change in current flowing through the varistor when the temperature changes while the voltage across the varistor remains constant. 3. Nominal voltage: Refers to the voltage value across the varistor when DC current flows through it. 4. Voltage ratio: Refers to the ratio of the voltage generated by the current in the varistor to the voltage generated by the current in the varistor. 5. Maximum limiting voltage: Refers to the highest voltage value that the varistor can withstand across its terminals. 6. Leakage current: Also known as standby current, it refers to the current flowing through the varistor under specified temperature and maximum DC current conditions. 7. Residual voltage ratio: When the current through the varistor is at a certain value, the voltage generated across its terminals is called the residual voltage for that current value. The residual voltage ratio is the ratio of the residual voltage to the nominal voltage. 8. Surge current capacity: Also known as surge current, it refers to the maximum pulse (peak) current value allowed to pass through the varistor under specified conditions (specified time intervals and number of times, applying standard impulse current). 9. Static capacitance: Refers to the inherent capacitive capacity of the varistor itself. 10. Insulation resistance: Refers to the resistance value between the leads (pins) of the varistor and the insulated surface of the resistive body. 14. Voltage nonlinearity coefficient: Refers to the ratio of the static resistance value to the dynamic resistance value of the varistor under a given applied voltage.

electraplan electrical component classification

Thermosensitive materials are generally divided into three categories: semiconductor, metal, and alloy: 1. Semiconductor thermistor materials include single-crystal semiconductors, polycrystalline semiconductors, glass semiconductors, organic semiconductors, and metal oxides. They all have very large resistance temperature coefficients and high resistivity, resulting in high sensitivity for sensors made from them. Based on the resistance temperature coefficient, they can also be divided into negative temperature coefficient (NTC) materials and positive temperature coefficient (PTC) materials. For example, barium titanate ceramic is an ideal PTC semiconductor material. Both types of materials are widely used in temperature measurement, temperature control, temperature compensation, switching circuits, overload protection, and time delay applications, such as in the manufacture of thermistor thermometers, thermistor switches, and thermistor delay relays. Due to the exponential relationship between resistance and temperature, the temperature measurement range is narrow and uniformity is poor. 2. Metal thermistor materials are widely used as thermal resistors for temperature measurement, current limiters, and automatic constant-temperature heating elements. Examples include platinum resistance thermometers, nickel resistance thermometers, and copper resistance thermometers. Among these, platinum temperature sensors exhibit high precision and high stability in various media (including corrosive media). However, their widespread application is limited by the scarcity and high cost of platinum. Copper temperature sensors are cheaper, but long-term use in corrosive media can lead to significant changes in static characteristics and resistance values. Nickel temperature sensors are widely used abroad and are considered ideal materials due to their high sensitivity, satisfactory reproducibility, and stability. 3. Alloy thermistor materials, also known as thermistor alloys. This type of alloy has high resistivity, and its resistance value is sensitive to temperature changes, making it a good material for manufacturing temperature-sensitive sensors. The performance requirements for thermistor alloys as temperature-sensitive sensors are as follows: (1) sufficiently high resistivity; (2) relatively high resistance temperature coefficient; (3) linear expansion coefficient close to that of experimental materials; (4) low strain sensitivity coefficient; (9) good repeatability of the resistance-temperature curve during heating and cooling within the operating temperature range.

electraplan electrical component types

1. Rotating thermometer: Made of a coiled bimetallic strip. One end of the bimetallic strip is fixed, and the other end is connected to a pointer. Due to different expansion rates of the two metals, the degree of coiling of the bimetallic strip varies at different temperatures, causing the pointer to indicate different positions on the dial. The temperature can be read from the dial. 2. Semiconductor thermometer: The resistance change in semiconductors differs from that in metals; as temperature increases, resistance decreases, and the magnitude of change is larger. Therefore, even small temperature changes cause significant resistance changes, resulting in thermometers with high precision, often called thermistors. 3. Thermocouple thermometer: Composed of two different metals connected to a sensitive voltmeter. At different temperatures, the metal junction generates different potential differences at the ends of the metals. Since the potential difference is very small, a sensitive voltmeter is required for measurement. The temperature can be determined from the voltmeter reading. 4. Optical thermometer: When an object's temperature is high enough to emit a large amount of visible light, its temperature can be determined by measuring the amount of thermal radiation. This type of thermometer is called an optical thermometer. It mainly consists of a telescope equipped with a red filter and a circuit containing a small bulb, ammeter, and variable resistor. Before use, the relationship between the filament brightness corresponding to different temperatures and the ammeter reading is established. During use, align the telescope with the object to be measured, adjust the resistance until the bulb's brightness matches that of the object, and then read the object's temperature from the ammeter. 5. Liquid crystal thermometer: Made with different formulations, having different phase transition temperatures. When phase transition occurs, its optical properties change, causing the liquid crystal to change color. If liquid crystals with different phase transition temperatures are coated on a paper, the temperature can be determined by the color change of the liquid crystal. The advantage of this thermometer is easy reading, while the disadvantage is insufficient accuracy. It is commonly used in ornamental fish tanks to indicate water temperature. 12. Digital thermometer: Uses a temperature sensor to convert (temperature) into digital signals, which are then displayed in numerical form via a display (such as LCD, digital tube, LED matrix, etc.). It can quickly and accurately measure the maximum human body temperature. Compared with traditional mercury thermometers, it offers advantages such as easy digital reading, short measurement time, high measurement accuracy, memory function, and audible alerts. Especially, digital thermometers do not contain mercury, making them harmless to the human body and the surrounding environment, making them particularly suitable for hospital and home use.

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