ELKOVOCEPELIK electrical components Germany ELKOVOCEPELIK model ELKOVOCEPELIK price

ELKOVOCEPELIK electrical components are fuses that can be operated multiple times, known in Japan as permanent fuses. Immediately after interrupting an overload or short-circuit current, the fusible element automatically restores to its original state. The housing is made of austenitic stainless steel, with a beryllium oxide ceramic core embedded in the center. The space between the stainless steel and the ceramic core is filled with glass to seal and secure the ceramic core. The fine pores in the ceramic core are filled with metallic sodium as the fusible element, and the void behind the piston is filled with argon gas to press the metallic sodium. Under normal operating conditions, current can enter from the lead terminal A, pass through the metallic sodium in the fine pores of the ceramic core, conduct to the stainless steel housing, and exit via the output terminal B. When a short-circuit current passes through the fuse, it rapidly heats the metallic sodium in the fine pores of the ceramic core, causing it to change from a solid to a high-temperature, high-pressure plasma vapor. The resistivity increases rapidly, providing strong current-limiting action against the short-circuit current and interrupting the current instantly. When the interruption ends, the sodium vapor immediately returns to liquid and solid states, while the argon gas pushes the piston again to compress the metallic sodium, re-establishing the circuit connection.

ELKOVOCEPELIK electrical component principle

The main principle of a diode is to utilize the unidirectional conductivity of the PN junction; adding leads and encapsulation to the PN junction forms a diode. A crystal diode consists of a PN junction formed by P-type semiconductor and N-type semiconductor. A space charge layer is formed on both sides of the interface, establishing a built-in electric field. When no external voltage is applied, the diffusion current caused by the carrier concentration difference across the PN junction equals the drift current caused by the built-in electric field, resulting in an electrical equilibrium state. When a forward voltage bias is applied externally, the mutual cancellation of the external electric field and the built-in electric field increases the carrier diffusion current, causing a forward current. When a reverse voltage bias is applied externally, the external electric field and the built-in electric field are further strengthened, forming a reverse saturation current within a certain reverse voltage range that is independent of the reverse bias voltage value. When the applied reverse voltage reaches a certain level, the electric field strength in the space charge layer of the PN junction reaches a critical value, triggering a carrier multiplication process. This generates a large number of electron-hole pairs, resulting in a significant reverse breakdown current, known as the diode breakdown phenomenon. Reverse breakdown of the PN junction is classified into Zener breakdown and avalanche breakdown.

ELKOVOCEPELIK electrical component principle

When current flows through a conductor, the conductor heats up due to its inherent resistance. The heat generation follows this formula: Q=I2RT; where Q is the heat generated, 0.34 is a constant, I is the current flowing through the conductor, R is the resistance of the conductor, and T is the time the current flows through the conductor. From this formula, we can easily understand the simple working principle of a fuse. Once the material and shape of the fuse are determined, its resistance R is relatively fixed (ignoring its temperature coefficient of resistance). When current flows through it, it generates heat, and the amount of heat increases over time. The magnitude of the current and resistance determines the rate of heat generation, while the construction of the fuse and its installation conditions determine the rate of heat dissipation. If the rate of heat generation is less than the rate of heat dissipation, the fuse will not blow. If the rate of heat generation equals the rate of heat dissipation, it will not blow for a considerable period. If the rate of heat generation exceeds the rate of heat dissipation, heat accumulates. Due to its specific heat capacity and mass, this increase in heat manifests as a rise in temperature. When the temperature rises above the melting point of the fuse, the fuse blows. This is the working principle of a fuse. From this principle, it is evident that when designing and manufacturing fuses, you must carefully study the physical properties of the selected materials and ensure consistent geometric dimensions, as these factors are crucial for the proper operation of the fuse. Similarly, correct installation is essential during use.

ELKOVOCEPELIK electrical component principle

When the voltage applied to a varistor is below its threshold, the current flowing through it is extremely small, equivalent to a resistor with infinite resistance. In other words, when the voltage applied across it is below its threshold, it acts like an open switch. When the voltage applied to the varistor exceeds its threshold, the current flowing through it surges, equivalent to a resistor with near-zero resistance. In other words, when the voltage applied across it is above its threshold, it acts like a closed switch. Protection principle of surge absorbers: In the standby state, the varistor has very high impedance (several megaohms) relative to the protected electronic components and does not affect the characteristics of the original circuit design. However, when an instantaneous surge voltage occurs (exceeding the breakdown voltage of the surge absorber), the impedance of the surge absorber drops low (only a few ohms), creating a short circuit in the line, thereby protecting electronic products or more expensive components.

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