eltako electrical components, German eltako models, eltako prices

eltako electrical components refer to an electrical device that disconnects the circuit by melting the fusible element with the heat generated by itself when the current exceeds the specified value. A fuse is a current protection device made based on the principle that when the current exceeds the specified value for a period of time, the heat generated by itself melts the fusible element, thereby disconnecting the circuit. Fuses are widely used in high and low voltage distribution systems, control systems, and electrical equipment as short-circuit and overcurrent protectors, and are one of the most commonly used protective devices. It is an electrical device that uses a metal conductor as a fusible element connected in series in the circuit. When overload or short-circuit current passes through the fusible element, it melts due to its own heating, thereby breaking the circuit. The fuse has a simple structure and is easy to use. It is widely used in power systems, various electrical equipment, and household appliances as a protective device.

eltako electrical component principles

An NPN type bipolar transistor can be viewed as two diodes joined together with a common anode. In the normal operating state of a bipolar transistor, the base-emitter junction is forward-biased, while the base-collector junction is reverse-biased. When no external voltage is applied, the electron concentration in the N region of the emitter junction is greater than that in the P region, and some electrons will diffuse into the P region. Similarly, some holes in the P region will also diffuse into the N region. In this way, a space charge region forms at the emitter junction, generating an internal electric field directed from the N region to the P region. This electric field hinders the further occurrence of the aforementioned diffusion process, thereby achieving dynamic equilibrium. At this point, if a forward voltage is applied to the emitter junction, the dynamic balance between the aforementioned carrier diffusion movement and the internal electric field in the depletion layer will be broken, causing thermally excited electrons to inject into the base region. In an NPN type transistor, the base region is P type doped, where holes are the majority dopants; therefore, electrons in this region are called "minority carriers." Electrons injected from the emitter into the base region partly recombine with the majority carriers (holes) there. On the other hand, due to the low doping level and thin physical dimensions of the base region, and because the collector junction is reverse-biased, most electrons will reach the collector region via drift motion, forming the collector current. To minimize recombination of electrons before they reach the collector junction, the base region of the transistor must be made sufficiently thin so that the time required for carrier diffusion is shorter than the lifetime of semiconductor minority carriers. Meanwhile, the base thickness must be much smaller than the electron diffusion length. In modern bipolar transistors, the typical thickness of the base region is a few tenths of a micrometer. It should be noted that although both the collector and emitter are N type doped, their doping levels and physical properties are not identical. Therefore, a bipolar transistor must be distinguished from a configuration of two diodes connected in series in opposite directions.

eltako electrical component classification

Thyristors have various classification methods: (1) Classification by turn-off, conduction, and control methods: Thyristors can be divided into conventional thyristors, bidirectional thyristors, reverse-conducting thyristors, gate turn-off thyristors, BTG thyristors, temperature-controlled thyristors, and light-controlled thyristors, among others, based on their turn-off, conduction, and control methods. (2) Classification by pins and polarity: Thyristors can be divided into two-terminal thyristors, three-terminal thyristors, and four-terminal thyristors based on their pins and polarity. (3) Classification by package type: Thyristors can be divided into three types based on their package type: metal-packaged thyristors, plastic-packaged thyristors, and ceramic-packaged thyristors. Among these, metal-packaged thyristors are further divided into bolt-type, flat-type, and round-case types, among others. Plastic-packaged thyristors are divided into two types: with heat sink and without heat sink. (4) Classification by current capacity: Thyristors can be divided into three types based on current capacity: high-power thyristors, medium-power thyristors, and low-power thyristors. Typically, high-power thyristors mostly use metal case packaging, while medium and low-power thyristors mostly use plastic or ceramic packaging. (5) Classification by turn-off speed: Thyristors can be divided into conventional thyristors and high-frequency (fast) thyristors based on their turn-off speed. (6) Zero-crossing triggering - generally used for power regulation, i.e., triggering occurs when the phase of the sinusoidal AC voltage crosses zero. Triggering must occur at the zero-crossing point to conduct the thyristor. (7) Non-zero-crossing triggering - The thyristor can be triggered to conduct regardless of the phase of the AC voltage. Commonly, this is phase-shift triggering, which changes the output percentage by altering the conduction angle (phase angle) of the sinusoidal AC voltage.

eltako electrical component advantages

Components do not consume material. No matter how excellent a vacuum tube is, it will gradually deteriorate due to changes in cathode atoms and slow air leakage. Due to technical reasons, early transistors also faced similar issues during manufacturing. They consume very little electrical energy, only one-tenth to one-several-tenths of that of vacuum tubes. Unlike vacuum tubes, they do not require heating a filament to generate free electrons. A transistor radio can operate for six months to a year on just a few dry cells, which is difficult to achieve with vacuum tube radios. No preheating is required; they work immediately upon startup. For example, a transistor radio produces sound immediately upon switching on, and a transistor television displays images quickly. Vacuum tube equipment cannot achieve this. After switching on, one must wait a while before hearing sound or seeing images. Clearly, transistors have significant advantages in military, measurement, and recording applications. They are robust and reliable, resistant to shock and vibration, which vacuum tubes cannot match. Additionally, the volume of a transistor is only one-tenth to one-hundredth that of a vacuum tube, and it generates very little heat, making it suitable for designing small, complex, and reliable circuits. Although the manufacturing process of transistors is precise, the steps are simple, which helps increase the installation density of components.

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