EMOS electrical components Germany EMOS model EMOS price

EMOS electrical components consist of wire wound turn by turn on an insulating tube. The wires are mutually insulated, and the insulating tube can be hollow or contain an iron core or magnetic powder core. An inductor coil is a device that operates based on the principle of electromagnetic induction. When current flows through a wire, it generates an electromagnetic field around the wire, and this electromagnetic field induces an effect on the wire itself within the field range. The effect on the wire generating the electromagnetic field is called "self-inductance," meaning the changing current generated by the wire produces a changing magnetic field, which further affects the current in the wire; the effect on other wires within this electromagnetic field range is called "mutual inductance." The electrical characteristics of an inductor coil are opposite to those of a capacitor: it "passes low frequencies and blocks high frequencies." High-frequency signals encounter significant resistance when passing through an inductor coil and struggle to pass through; whereas the resistance presented to low-frequency signals is relatively small, allowing them to pass through more easily. The resistance of an inductor coil to direct current is almost zero. Resistance, capacitance, and inductance all present a certain resistance to the flow of electrical signals in a circuit, which we call "impedance." The impedance presented by an inductor coil to current signals utilizes the self-inductance of the coil. Inductor coils are sometimes abbreviated as "inductance" or "coil," represented by the letter "L." When winding an inductor coil, the number of turns wound is generally referred to as the "number of turns" of the coil.

EMOS electrical component structure

Common electrodynamic cone paper loudspeaker. Electrodynamic cone speakers, formerly known as paper cone speakers, still primarily use paper cones for the diaphragm, but many polymer material diaphragms and metal diaphragms have also appeared, making the term cone speaker accurate. A cone paper loudspeaker mainly consists of three parts: the magnetic circuit system (permanent magnet, pole piece, magnetic plate), the vibration system (paper cone, voice coil), and the support auxiliary system (spider, basket, surround). 1. Voice coil: The voice coil is the drive unit of the cone paper loudspeaker. It is made of very fine copper wire wound in two layers on a paper tube, typically with dozens of turns, also known as a coil, and placed in the magnetic gap formed by the magnetic pole piece and the magnetic plate. The voice coil is fixed to the paper cone. When audio current signals are applied to the voice coil, its vibration drives the paper cone to vibrate. 2. Paper cone: There are many types of materials used for the conical diaphragm of cone paper loudspeakers, generally divided into natural fibers and synthetic fibers. Natural fibers often include cotton, wood, wool, and silk, while synthetic fibers include rayon, nylon, and fiberglass. Since the paper cone is the sound radiation component of the loudspeaker, it largely determines the sound performance. Therefore, regardless of the type of paper cone, it must be lightweight and rigid, and must not deform due to changes in ambient temperature or humidity. 3. Surround: The surround is designed to ensure the axial movement of the paper cone along the loudspeaker axis and restrict lateral movement, while also preventing air leakage between the front and back of the paper cone. In addition to materials commonly used for paper cones, surrounds may use plastics and natural rubber, bonded to the paper cone via hot pressing. 5. Spider: The spider supports the junction of the voice coil and the paper cone, ensuring it remains vertical and not skewed. The spider has many concentric rings, allowing the voice coil to move freely up and down in the magnetic gap without lateral movement, ensuring the voice coil does not touch the magnetic plate. The dust cap on the spider prevents external dust from entering the magnetic gap, avoiding friction between dust and the voice coil, which could cause abnormal sounds in the loudspeaker. Generally, a loudspeaker consists of a magnet, frame, spider, molded surround, and cone paper diaphragm.

EMOS electrical component principle

In chemical batteries, the direct conversion of chemical energy into electrical energy relies on spontaneous oxidation-reduction reactions occurring inside the battery, taking place at two electrodes. The negative electrode active material consists of reducing agents with a more negative potential and stable in the electrolyte, such as active metals like zinc, cadmium, and lead, as well as hydrogen or hydrocarbons. The positive electrode active material consists of oxidizing agents with a more positive potential and stable in the electrolyte, such as metal oxides like manganese dioxide, lead dioxide, and nickel oxide, oxygen or air, halogens and their salts, oxyacids and their salts, etc. The electrolyte is a material with good ionic conductivity, such as aqueous solutions of acids, bases, and salts, organic or inorganic non-aqueous solutions, molten salts, or solid electrolytes. When the external circuit is open, although there is a potential difference (open-circuit voltage) between the two poles, no current flows, and the chemical energy stored in the battery is not converted into electrical energy. When the external circuit is closed, current flows through the external circuit under the action of the potential difference between the two electrodes. Simultaneously, inside the battery, since there are no free electrons in the electrolyte, charge transfer must accompany oxidation or reduction reactions at the interface between the active materials of the two electrodes and the electrolyte, as well as mass transfer of reactants and products. Charge transfer in the electrolyte is also accomplished by ion migration. Therefore, normal charge and mass transfer processes inside the battery are necessary conditions for ensuring normal electrical energy output. During charging, the direction of charge and mass transfer processes inside the battery is exactly opposite to that during discharging; electrode reactions must be reversible to ensure the normal progress of reverse mass and charge transfer processes. Therefore, reversibility of electrode reactions is a necessary condition for constituting a storage battery. This is the basic thermodynamic relationship between battery electromotive force and battery reaction, and also the basic thermodynamic equation for calculating battery energy conversion efficiency. In practice, when current flows through an electrode, the electrode potential deviates from the thermodynamic equilibrium electrode potential, a phenomenon called polarization. The greater the current density (current passing through per unit electrode area), the more severe the polarization. Polarization is one of the important causes of battery energy loss. There are three causes of polarization: ① Polarization caused by the resistance of various parts in the battery is called ohmic polarization; ② Polarization caused by the hindrance of charge transfer processes in the electrode-electrolyte interface layer is called activation polarization; ③ Polarization caused by slow mass transfer processes in the electrode-electrolyte interface layer is called concentration polarization. Methods to reduce polarization include increasing the electrode reaction area, reducing current density, raising the reaction temperature, and improving the catalytic activity of the electrode surface.

EMOS electrical component applications

Thermistors can also be used as electronic circuit components for temperature compensation in instrument circuits and cold junction temperature compensation in thermocouples. Utilizing the self-heating characteristics of NTC thermistors enables automatic gain control, forming RC oscillator amplitude stabilization circuits, delay circuits, and protection circuits. When the self-heating temperature is much higher than the ambient temperature, the resistance value is also related to the heat dissipation conditions of the environment. Therefore, this characteristic of thermistors is often utilized in anemometers, flow meters, gas analyzers, and thermal conductivity analysis to create specialized detection elements. PTC thermistors are mainly used for overheat protection of electrical equipment, contactless relays, constant temperature control, automatic gain control, motor starting, time delay, automatic degaussing of color TVs, fire alarms, and temperature compensation. Main disadvantages: ① The relationship between resistance and temperature is severely nonlinear; ② Poor consistency and interchangeability of components; ③ Components are prone to aging and have poor stability; ④ Except for special high-temperature thermistors, most thermistors are only suitable for the range of 0～151℃, which must be noted during use.

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