ETI electrical components, German ETI models, ETI prices

ETI electrical components refer to switching devices capable of closing, carrying, and breaking current under normal circuit conditions, and closing, carrying, and breaking current under abnormal circuit conditions within a specified time. Circuit breakers are classified into high-voltage and low-voltage types based on their application range. The boundary between high and low voltage is somewhat ambiguous; generally, equipment rated above 3kV is considered high-voltage apparatus. Circuit breakers can be used to distribute electrical energy, start asynchronous motors infrequently, and protect power lines and motors. They automatically interrupt the circuit in the event of severe faults such as overload, short circuit, or undervoltage. Their function is equivalent to a combination of fuse-switches and over/under-voltage thermal relays. Moreover, component replacement is generally not required after interrupting fault currents. They have been widely applied. In the generation, transmission, and use of electricity, power distribution is an extremely important link. Distribution systems include transformers and various high- and low-voltage electrical equipment, with low-voltage circuit breakers being a widely used type of electrical apparatus.

ETI electrical component characteristics

(1) offers a wide transient response range and strong harmonic measurement capability. The quality of transient characteristics is an important parameter for determining whether a transformer can be applied in power systems, particularly regarding coordination with relay protection operating times. Traditional electromagnetic transformers have poor response characteristics to high-frequency signals due to the presence of an iron core and cannot correctly reflect the transient process on the primary side. In contrast, the frequency range of optoelectronic transformers is mainly determined by the electronic circuitry, avoiding iron core saturation issues, thus accurately reflecting the transient process on the primary side. The structure of optoelectronic sensors allows for the measurement of harmonics on high-voltage power lines, which is difficult to achieve with electromagnetic induction transformers. (2) digital interface provides strong communication capabilities. Since optoelectronic sensors transmit optical digital signals, they interface easily with communication networks without measurement errors during transmission. With the widespread adoption of microprocessor-based protection and control equipment, optoelectronic transformers can directly provide digital quantities to secondary equipment, eliminating the need for converters and A/D sampling sections in original protection devices. This greatly simplifies secondary equipment and promotes research into new protection principles. (3) Small size, light weight, and easy upgradability meet the requirements for miniaturized and compact substations. As optoelectronic sensors rely on sensor heads and electronic circuits for signal acquisition and processing, they are compact, typically weighing less than 1000 kg, facilitating integration into AIS or GIS. This significantly reduces the footprint of substations, meeting miniaturization and compactness requirements. Additionally, connecting optoelectronic transformers to secondary equipment via a small number of optical fibers greatly reduces the need for cable trenches and cables.

ETI electrical component principles

Optoelectronic sensors generally consist of 2 parts: processing channels and processing elements. Their basic principle is based on the photoelectric effect, converting changes in the measured quantity into changes in optical signals, which are then further converted into electrical signals by photoelectric elements. The photoelectric effect refers to the phenomenon where photons with specific energy bombard an object when illuminated. The photon energy is transferred to electrons, with the entire energy of one photon being absorbed by one electron at once. After gaining this energy, the state of the electron changes, producing a corresponding electrical effect in the illuminated object. The photoelectric effect is typically classified into 10 categories: (1) The phenomenon where electrons escape from the surface of an object under illumination is called the external photoelectric effect, seen in phototubes and photomultiplier tubes. (2) The phenomenon where the resistivity of an object changes under illumination is called the internal photoelectric effect, seen in photoresistors and phototransistors. (3) The phenomenon where an object generates an electromotive force in a specific direction under illumination is called the photovoltaic effect, seen in photocells. Photoelectric detection methods offer advantages such as high precision, fast response, and non-contact operation. They can measure multiple parameters, and the sensor structure is simple and flexible. Therefore, optoelectronic sensors are widely used in detection and control. Optoelectronic sensors are key components in various photoelectric detection systems for achieving photoelectric conversion, converting optical signals (visible and ultraviolet laser light) into electrical signals. Optoelectronic sensors use photoelectric devices as conversion elements. They can detect non-electrical physical quantities that directly cause changes in light intensity, such as light intensity, illuminance, radiation temperature measurement, and gas composition analysis. They can also detect other non-electrical quantities convertible into light changes, such as part diameter, surface roughness, strain, displacement, vibration, speed, acceleration, object shape, and working status recognition. Optoelectronic sensors feature non-contact operation, fast response, and reliable performance, leading to widespread application in industrial automation devices and robotics. The continuous emergence of new photoelectric devices, especially the advent of CCD image sensors, has opened a new chapter for the further application of optoelectronic sensors.

ETI electrical component structure

The structure of power cords is not overly complex, but it cannot be fully understood at a glance. Proper study reveals that professional knowledge is needed to understand certain aspects of power cord structure. The main components of a power cord are the outer sheath, inner sheath, and conductor. Common conductive materials include copper and aluminum metal wires. (1) The outer sheath, also known as the protective sheath, is the outermost layer of the power cord. It protects the power cord and possesses robust characteristics such as high and low temperature resistance, resistance to natural light interference, good flexibility, long service life, and environmentally friendly materials. (2) The inner sheath, also known as the insulation sheath, is an essential intermediate structure of the power cord. Its primary function, as the name suggests, is insulation, ensuring safe power transmission by preventing leakage between copper wires and air. The material of the inner sheath must be soft to ensure it fits well within the intermediate layer. (3) Copper wires are the core part of the power cord, serving as the carrier for current and voltage. The density of the copper wires directly affects the quality of the power cord. The material of the power cord is a crucial factor in quality control, with the quantity and flexibility of the copper wires also being important considerations. (4) The inner sheath is a layer of material wrapped between the shielding layer and the wire core, typically made of polyvinyl chloride (PVC) or polyethylene (PE) plastic. Low-smoke zero-halogen materials are also used. Used according to process specifications, it prevents the insulation layer from contacting water, air, or other objects, avoiding moisture ingress and mechanical damage to the insulation layer.

Weidou Intelligent Technology professionally sells German ETI connectors, ETI switches, ETI relays, ETI controllers, ETI plugs, ETI sensors, ETI resistors, ETI capacitors, ETI buses, ETI modules, ETI cables, ETI power supplies, ETI interfaces, ETI gateways, and ETI circuit breakers. ETI products are original imports from Germany. Customers are welcome to inquire and order.